Selenium在Chrome与Firefox浏览器中运行报错求助

问题1：Firefox 107.0.1无法启动，抛出SessionNotCreatedException #

报错信息 #

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException: Could not start a new session. Possible causes are invalid address of the remote server or browser start-up failure. Host info: host: 'DESKTOP-QKEHO5U', ip: '192.168.56.1' at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:561) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.startSession(RemoteWebDriver.java:229) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.(RemoteWebDriver.java:157) at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.(FirefoxDriver.java:130) at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.(FirefoxDriver.java:111) at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.(FirefoxDriver.java:101) at demo.FirstSeleniumTC.main(FirstSeleniumTC.java:17) Caused by: org.openqa.selenium.WebDriverException: Timed out waiting for driver process to start. Build info: version: '4.8.1', revision: '8ebccac989' System info: os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '17.0.2' Driver info: driver.version: FirefoxDriver at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.start(DriverService.java:218) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverCommandExecutor.execute(DriverCommandExecutor.java:98) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.RemoteWebDriver.execute(RemoteWebDriver.java:543) ... 6 more

解决方案 #

• 检查GeckoDriver与Firefox版本兼容性：Firefox 107.0.1需要对应版本的GeckoDriver，下载匹配的稳定版，避免版本不匹配导致启动超时。
• 确认GeckoDriver路径正确：System.setProperty中的路径需无拼写错误，路径分隔符用双反斜杠\\或正斜杠/。
• 以管理员权限运行IDE或脚本：Windows下权限不足可能导致驱动无法启动浏览器，右键以管理员身份运行测试。
• 关闭Firefox自动更新：浏览器自动更新后若驱动未同步，会出现兼容性问题，暂时关闭自动更新后重新测试。

问题2：Chrome能启动但无法加载指定URL，抛出ConnectionFailedException #

报错信息 #

Starting ChromeDriver 111.0.5563.64 (c710e93d5b63b7095afe8c2c17df34408078439d-refs/branch-heads/5563@{#995}) on port 8431 Only local connections are allowed. Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe. ChromeDriver was started successfully. Mar 22, 2023 6:43:58 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.WebSocket$Listener onError WARNING: Invalid Status code=403 text=Forbidden java.io.IOException: Invalid Status code=403 text=Forbidden at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.WebSocketHandler.abort(WebSocketHandler.java:92) at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.WebSocketHandler.handleRead(WebSocketHandler.java:118) at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.AsyncHttpClientHandler.channelRead(AsyncHttpClientHandler.java:78) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412) at io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler$DelegatingChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:436) at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.fireChannelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:346) at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.fireChannelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:333) at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:454) at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:290) at io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.channelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:251) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:442) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1410) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440) at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420) at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:919) at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:166) at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:788) at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:724) at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:650) at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:562) at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:997) at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74) at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.ConnectionFailedException: Unable to establish websocket connection to http://localhost:54687/devtools/browser/b8f002dc-36c4-48db-8c52-f3943bef0598 Build info: version: '4.8.1', revision: '8ebccac989' System info: os.name: 'Windows 10', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '17.0.2' Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyWebSocket.(NettyWebSocket.java:102) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyWebSocket.lambda$create$3(NettyWebSocket.java:128) at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyClient.openSocket(NettyClient.java:107) at org.openqa.selenium.devtools.Connection.(Connection.java:78) at org.openqa.selenium.chromium.ChromiumDriver.lambda$new$2(ChromiumDriver.java:116) at java.base/java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:260) at org.openqa.selenium.chromium.ChromiumDriver.(ChromiumDriver.java:114) at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:82) at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.(ChromeDriver.java:50) at demo.FirstSeleniumTC.main(FirstSeleniumTC.java:13)

解决方案 #

• 匹配ChromeDriver与Chrome浏览器版本：ChromeDriver 111.0.5563.64对应Chrome 111.x版本，检查本地Chrome版本是否一致，不一致则下载对应版本的ChromeDriver。
• 添加ChromeOptions配置：禁用安全策略或允许不安全连接，示例代码如下：

ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
options.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
options.addArguments("--ignore-certificate-errors");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);

• 检查代理设置：系统代理可能导致WebSocket连接失败，在ChromeOptions中添加代理配置或临时关闭代理测试。
• 清理Chrome缓存：浏览器缓存或扩展可能干扰加载，启动Chrome时添加--incognito参数以隐身模式运行，避免缓存影响。

测试代码 #

package demo;

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; 
//import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver; 
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class FirstSeleniumTC {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        
        //System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver","C:\\selenium-java\\chromeDriver\\chromedriver.exe");
        //WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        //driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
        
        System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","C:\\selenium-java\\firefoxDriver\\geckodriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
        driver.get("https://www.facebook.com/");
        
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user184630