运行Compose UI测试时遇找不到androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4依赖问题

运行Compose UI测试时出现以下错误：

Could not find androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4:.
Required by:
    project :app
Search in build.gradle files

我已经在依赖中添加了androidTestImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4"，附上完整的app模块build.gradle代码：

/*
 * Copyright 2022 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
}

android {
    compileSdk 33

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.reply"
        minSdk 21
        targetSdk 33
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
        vectorDrawables {
            useSupportLibrary true
        }
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
    buildFeatures {
        compose true
    }
    composeOptions {
        kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion '1.3.0'
    }
    packagingOptions {
        resources {
            excludes += '/META-INF/{AL2.0,LGPL2.1}'
        }
    }
}

dependencies {
    implementation platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2023.01.00')
    implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.6.1'
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.9.0'
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material3:material3"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material3:material3-window-size-class:$material3_version"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material:material-icons-extended"
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-compose:$lifecycle_version"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:$lifecycle_version"
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:$kotlin_version"
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4"
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    debugImplementation("androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest")
    debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling"
}

这个问题主要由两个原因导致：Compose编译器扩展版本与BOM版本不匹配，以及依赖中使用了未声明的变量。按以下步骤修复：

1. 对齐Compose编译器扩展版本
   你使用的compose-bom:2023.01.00对应的Kotlin Compose编译器扩展版本是1.4.0，但当前配置的是1.3.0，版本不兼容会导致依赖解析失败。修改composeOptions块：

   composeOptions {
       kotlinCompilerExtensionVersion '1.4.0'
   }
   

2. 移除未声明的变量依赖
   你的依赖中$material3_version、$lifecycle_version、$kotlin_version这些变量没有定义，直接替换为兼容版本：

   • 由于已经引入Compose BOM，Material3相关依赖可以去掉版本号，由BOM自动管理：

     implementation "androidx.compose.material3:material3-window-size-class"
     

   • Lifecycle和Kotlin标准库使用明确的兼容版本：

     implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-compose:2.6.1"
     implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.6.1"
     implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10"
     

3. 验证测试依赖配置
   androidTestImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4"和debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest"不需要加版本号，BOM会自动匹配正确版本，保持现有配置即可。

修改后的完整dependencies块示例：

dependencies {
    implementation platform('androidx.compose:compose-bom:2023.01.00')
    implementation 'androidx.activity:activity-compose:1.6.1'
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.9.0'
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material3:material3"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material3:material3-window-size-class"
    implementation "androidx.compose.material:material-icons-extended"
    implementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling-preview"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-compose:2.6.1"
    implementation "androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-runtime-ktx:2.6.1"
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:1.8.10"
    androidTestImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-junit4"
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.3'
    debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-test-manifest"
    debugImplementation "androidx.compose.ui:ui-tooling"
}

完成以上修改后，执行Gradle同步操作，问题即可解决。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者AbsoluteHeero