从Vaadin 23.3.5迁移至24.0.1时Quarkus启动NoClassDefFoundError问题

环境配置 #

maven.compiler.source: 17
vaadin.version: 24.0.1
quarkus.version: 2.16.0.Final

报错日志 #

ERROR [io.qua.dep.dev.IsolatedDevModeMain] (main) Failed to start quarkus: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/annotation/WebFilter
at io.quarkus.undertow.deployment.UndertowBuildStep.(UndertowBuildStep.java:141)
at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:467)
at io.quarkus.deployment.util.ServiceUtil.classesNamedIn(ServiceUtil.java:29)
at io.quarkus.deployment.ExtensionLoader.loadStepsFrom(ExtensionLoader.java:215)
at io.quarkus.deployment.QuarkusAugmentor.run(QuarkusAugmentor.java:107)
at io.quarkus.runner.bootstrap.AugmentActionImpl.runAugment(AugmentActionImpl.java:331)
at io.quarkus.runner.bootstrap.AugmentActionImpl.createInitialRuntimeApplication(AugmentActionImpl.java:252)
at io.quarkus.runner.bootstrap.AugmentActionImpl.createInitialRuntimeApplication(AugmentActionImpl.java:60)
at io.quarkus.deployment.dev.IsolatedDevModeMain.firstStart(IsolatedDevModeMain.java:86)
at io.quarkus.deployment.dev.IsolatedDevModeMain.accept(IsolatedDevModeMain.java:447)
at io.quarkus.deployment.dev.IsolatedDevModeMain.accept(IsolatedDevModeMain.java:59)
at io.quarkus.bootstrap.app.CuratedApplication.runInCl(CuratedApplication.java:149)
at io.quarkus.bootstrap.app.CuratedApplication.runInAugmentClassLoader(CuratedApplication.java:104)
at io.quarkus.deployment.dev.DevModeMain.start(DevModeMain.java:131)
at io.quarkus.deployment.dev.DevModeMain.main(DevModeMain.java:62)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641)
at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188)
at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520)
at io.quarkus.bootstrap.classloading.QuarkusClassLoader.loadClass(QuarkusClassLoader.java:516)
at io.quarkus.bootstrap.classloading.QuarkusClassLoader.loadClass(QuarkusClassLoader.java:466)
... 16 more

错误原因 #

该错误源于找不到javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter类，导致Quarkus启动流程中断。核心问题是Quarkus 2.16.0.Final基于Jakarta EE 9规范，该规范已将原Java EE中的javax.servlet包替换为jakarta.servlet包，项目中仍在引用旧的Java EE servlet API类，从而引发类缺失异常。

解决方法 #

1. 引入正确的Quarkus Web依赖
   在pom.xml中添加Quarkus官方Web扩展（默认包含Jakarta Servlet API）：

   <dependency>
       <groupId>io.quarkus</groupId>
       <artifactId>quarkus-web</artifactId>
   </dependency>
   

   若已引入quarkus-undertow，可直接使用，它包含Web扩展的核心功能。

2. 排查并排除依赖冲突
   执行mvn dependency:tree命令，检查是否有依赖引入了旧的javax.servlet相关包。若发现冲突，通过exclusions标签排除：

   <dependency>
       <!-- 存在冲突的依赖 -->
       <groupId>xxx</groupId>
       <artifactId>xxx</artifactId>
       <exclusions>
           <exclusion>
               <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
               <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
           </exclusion>
       </exclusions>
   </dependency>
   

3. 验证Vaadin与Quarkus的集成依赖
   Vaadin 24.0.1支持Quarkus 2.16.x，但需使用Vaadin官方的Quarkus集成依赖：

   <dependency>
       <groupId>com.vaadin</groupId>
       <artifactId>vaadin-quarkus-extension</artifactId>
       <version>${vaadin.version}</version>
   </dependency>
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Maikel