Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ARM虚拟机pip install报错：compileall模块缺失

问题 #

在基于Apple Virtualization的UTM虚拟机中运行Ubuntu 22.04 LTS ARM系统时，执行python -m pip install hg-git出现以下错误：

$ python -m pip install hg-git
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/runpy.py", line 196, in _run_module_as_main
    return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/runpy.py", line 86, in _run_code
    exec(code, run_globals)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/__main__.py", line 31, in <module>
    sys.exit(_main())
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 68, in main
    command = create_command(cmd_name, isolated=("--isolated" in cmd_args))
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py", line 109, in create_command
    module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 688, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 883, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 14, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.req_command import (
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 21, in <module>
    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 32, in <module>
    from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .req_install import InstallRequirement
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py", line 39, in <module>
    from pip._internal.operations.install.wheel import install_wheel
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py", line 5, in <module>
    import compileall
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'compileall'

尝试网上建议的pip install compileall方法，同样报错：

$ pip install compileall
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 8, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/main.py", line 68, in main
    command = create_command(cmd_name, isolated=("--isolated" in cmd_args))
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/__init__.py", line 109, in create_command
    module = importlib.import_module(module_path)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.10/importlib/__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1050, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1027, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1006, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 688, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 883, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 241, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line 14, in <module>
    from pip._internal.cli.req_command import (
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/req_command.py", line 21, in <module>
    from pip._internal.index.package_finder import PackageFinder
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/index/package_finder.py", line 32, in <module>
    from pip._internal.req import InstallRequirement
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/req/__init__.py", line 8, in <module>
    from .req_install import InstallRequirement
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/req/req_install.py", line 39, in <module>
    from pip._internal.operations.install.wheel import install_wheel
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_internal/operations/install/wheel.py", line 5, in <module>
    import compileall
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'compileall'

解决方案 #

compileall是Python标准库的核心模块，无法通过pip安装，出现这个错误说明你的Python 3.10标准库文件缺失或损坏。可以通过系统包管理器修复：

• 第一步：检查compileall模块文件是否存在
  执行以下命令查看文件位置：

  ls /usr/lib/python3.10/compileall.py
  

  如果返回文件不存在的提示，确认标准库文件缺失。

• 第二步：重新安装Python 3.10标准库
  使用Ubuntu的包管理器重新安装对应包：

  sudo apt update
  sudo apt install --reinstall python3.10-standard-library
  

• 第三步：验证修复结果
  执行以下命令测试模块是否能正常导入：

  python3 -c "import compileall; print('模块导入成功')"
  

  如果输出模块导入成功，说明修复完成。

• 第四步：重新安装目标包
  现在可以正常执行原命令安装hg-git：

  python -m pip install hg-git
  

补充说明 #

另一台配置相同的虚拟机没有问题，是因为它的Python标准库文件完整，未被误删或损坏。出现这个问题通常是因为之前的操作中意外删除了标准库文件，或者安装了某些修改/破坏标准库的软件。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Joseph