Python读取TIFF元信息并按规则归类文件报错求助

需求说明 #

• 读取指定文件夹内的TIFF图片
• 提取图片中的Resolution、Binning Mode、IntegrationLevel元信息
• 根据提取的信息创建层级嵌套文件夹（不存在则自动创建）
• 将原图片复制到对应的层级目录中

原报错代码及问题 #

以下是最初尝试的代码，运行时触发KeyError：

import os
import shutil
import exifread
from PIL import Image
from pathlib import Path

# Define the input and output directories
input_dir = Path('the origin')
output_dir = Path('output folder')

# Loop through all the files in the input directory
for file in os.listdir(input_dir):
    if file.endswith('.tiff'):
        # Read the image file
        img_path = input_dir / file

        # Get the image metadata using exifread
        with open(img_path, 'rb') as f:
            tags = exifread.process_file(f)
        info = {}
        for tag in tags:
            if tag.startswith('Image '):
                key = tag.split(' ')[1]
                value = tags[tag].values
                info[key] = value

        # Print the keys in the info dictionary
        print(info.keys())

        resolution = int(info['Resolution'])
        binning_mode = info['BinningMode']
        integration_level = float(info['IntegrationLevel'])

        # Create the output directory based on the image data
        output_subdir = output_dir / f"res_{resolution}" / f"bin_{binning_mode}" / f"il_{integration_level}"
        output_subdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)

        # Copy the image file to the output directory
        shutil.copy(img_path, output_subdir / file)

错误信息 #

> resolution = int(info['Resolution'])
                   ~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
KeyError: 'Resolution'
dict_keys(['ImageWidth', 'ImageLength', 'BitsPerSample', 'Compression', 'PhotometricInterpretation', 'ImageDescription', 'StripOffsets', 'SamplesPerPixel', 'RowsPerStrip', 'StripByteCounts', 'XResolution', 'YResolution', 'ResolutionUnit', 'SampleFormat'])

问题原因：exifread仅提取了标准EXIF标签，而目标元信息属于TIFF的自定义字段，无法通过该工具获取。

可正常获取元信息的参考代码 #

使用PIL的getexif()方法可以正确读取到目标自定义元信息：

import os
from PIL import Image
from PIL.ExifTags import TAGS

# specify the directory path where the images are stored
directory = "image path"

# loop through all the files in the directory
for filename in os.listdir(directory):
    if filename.endswith(".tiff"):
        # construct the full file path
        filepath = os.path.join(directory, filename)

        # open the image
        image = Image.open(filepath)

        # extracting the exif metadata
        exifdata = image.getexif()

        # looping through all the tags present in exifdata
        for tagid in exifdata:
            # getting the tag name instead of tag id
            tagname = TAGS.get(tagid, tagid)

            # passing the tagid to get its respective value
            value = exifdata.get(tagid)

            # printing the final result
            print(f"{filename} - {tagname}: {value}")

通过这段代码获取到的目标元信息示例：

• integrationLevel="2"
• resolution=23000
• binningMode="BackwardCompatible"

修复后的完整代码 #

基于PIL重写代码，实现需求：

import shutil
from pathlib import Path
from PIL import Image
from PIL.ExifTags import TAGS

# 定义输入输出目录
input_dir = Path('the origin')
output_dir = Path('output folder')

# 遍历所有TIFF文件（包括.tif后缀）
for img_path in input_dir.glob('*.tif*'):
    # 打开图片并读取EXIF元信息
    with Image.open(img_path) as img:
        exifdata = img.getexif()
        # 提取目标字段
        target_tags = {}
        for tagid in exifdata:
            tagname = TAGS.get(tagid, tagid)
            # 匹配目标字段名（注意大小写与实际输出一致）
            if tagname in ['resolution', 'binningMode', 'integrationLevel']:
                target_tags[tagname] = exifdata.get(tagid)
        
        # 转换字段类型
        resolution = int(target_tags['resolution'])
        binning_mode = target_tags['binningMode']
        integration_level = float(target_tags['integrationLevel'])
        
        # 创建层级目录
        output_subdir = output_dir / f"res_{resolution}" / f"bin_{binning_mode}" / f"il_{integration_level}"
        output_subdir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
        
        # 复制图片到目标目录
        shutil.copy(img_path, output_subdir / img_path.name)

修复要点 #

1. 替换exifread为PIL的getexif()，确保能读取到自定义元信息
2. 使用Path.glob('*.tif*')遍历所有TIFF文件（兼容.tif和.tiff后缀）
3. 遍历EXIF标签时精准匹配目标字段名（注意大小写与实际输出一致）
4. 对字段值进行类型转换，适配目录命名需求
5. 保留Path路径处理的简洁性，避免字符串拼接路径的问题

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Neko Lim