升级Android SDK至33后PWA应用崩溃：PendingIntent标志缺失

错误详情 #

升级到Android SDK 33后应用崩溃，抛出如下异常：

FATAL EXCEPTION: main
Process: xyz.appmaker.iiuiro, PID: 2838
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: xyz.appmaker.iiuiro: 面向S+（版本31及以上）时，创建PendingIntent必须指定FLAG_IMMUTABLE或FLAG_MUTABLE其中一个标志。强烈建议使用FLAG_IMMUTABLE，仅当某些功能依赖PendingIntent可变时才使用FLAG_MUTABLE，例如需要用于内联回复或气泡功能时。
at android.app.PendingIntent.checkFlags(PendingIntent.java:401)
at android.app.PendingIntent.getActivityAsUser(PendingIntent.java:484)
at android.app.PendingIntent.getActivity(PendingIntent.java:470)
at android.app.PendingIntent.getActivity(PendingIntent.java:434)
at androidx.browser.customtabs.CustomTabsClient.createSessionId(CustomTabsClient.java:185)
at androidx.browser.customtabs.CustomTabsClient.newSession(CustomTabsClient.java:223)
at com.google.androidbrowserhelper.trusted.TwaLauncher$TwaCustomTabsServiceConnection.onCustomTabsServiceConnected(TwaLauncher.java:301)
at androidx.browser.customtabs.CustomTabsServiceConnection.onServiceConnected(CustomTabsServiceConnection.java:57)
at android.app.LoadedApk$ServiceDispatcher.doConnected(LoadedApk.java:2188)
at android.app.LoadedApk$ServiceDispatcher$RunConnection.run(LoadedApk.java:2221)
at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:942)
at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
at android.os.Looper.loopOnce(Looper.java:201)
at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:288)
at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:7872)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:548)
at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:936)

问题原因 #

从栈跟踪可见，崩溃源于androidx.browser.customtabs.CustomTabsClient创建SessionId时未指定PendingIntent的标志。Android 12（API 31）及以上版本强制要求创建PendingIntent必须设置FLAG_IMMUTABLE或FLAG_MUTABLE，而当前使用的旧版本androidx.browser和androidbrowserhelper库未适配该规则。

解决步骤 #

直接升级相关依赖库到适配Android 12+的版本即可：

• 将androidx.browser:browser升级至1.4.0或更高版本
• 将com.google.androidbrowserhelper:androidbrowserhelper升级至2.2.0或更高版本

在Module级别的build.gradle中更新依赖：

dependencies {
    implementation 'androidx.browser:browser:1.6.0'
    implementation 'com.google.androidbrowserhelper:androidbrowserhelper:2.5.0'
}

验证 #

更新依赖后重新编译安装应用，在Android 12+设备上测试，崩溃问题即可解决。

附原应用AndroidManifest.xml代码：

<application
    android:allowBackup="true"
    android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
    android:label="@string/appName"
    android:supportsRtl="true"
    android:theme="@style/Theme.LauncherActivity">
    <meta-data
        android:name="asset_statements"
        android:resource="@string/assetStatements" />


    <meta-data
        android:name="twa_generator"
        android:value="@string/generatorApp" />

    <activity android:exported="true" android:name="com.google.androidbrowserhelper.trusted.LauncherActivity"
        android:label="@string/launcherName">
        <meta-data android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.DEFAULT_URL"
            android:value="@string/launchUrl" />

        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.STATUS_BAR_COLOR"
            android:resource="@color/colorPrimary" />

        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.NAVIGATION_BAR_COLOR"
            android:resource="@color/navigationColor" />

        <meta-data android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.SPLASH_IMAGE_DRAWABLE"
            android:resource="@drawable/splash"/>

        <meta-data android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.SPLASH_SCREEN_BACKGROUND_COLOR"
            android:resource="@color/backgroundColor"/>

        <meta-data android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.SPLASH_SCREEN_FADE_OUT_DURATION"
            android:value="@integer/splashScreenFadeOutDuration"/>

        <meta-data android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.FILE_PROVIDER_AUTHORITY"
            android:value="@string/providerAuthority"/>

        <meta-data android:name="android.app.shortcuts" android:resource="@xml/shortcuts" />

        <meta-data android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.FALLBACK_STRATEGY"
            android:value="@string/fallbackType" />

        
        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
        </intent-filter>

        <intent-filter android:autoVerify="true">
            <action android:name="android.intent.action.VIEW"/>
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT" />
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.BROWSABLE"/>
            <data android:scheme="https"
                android:host="@string/hostName"/>
        </intent-filter>
    </activity>

    <activity android:name="com.google.androidbrowserhelper.trusted.FocusActivity" />

    <activity android:name="com.google.androidbrowserhelper.trusted.WebViewFallbackActivity"
        android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize" />

    <provider
        android:name="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
        android:authorities="@string/providerAuthority"
        android:grantUriPermissions="true"
        android:exported="false">
        <meta-data
            android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
            android:resource="@xml/filepaths" />
    </provider>

    <service
        android:name="com.google.androidbrowserhelper.trusted.DelegationService"
        android:enabled="@bool/enableNotification"
        android:exported="@bool/enableNotification">



        <intent-filter>
            <action android:name="android.support.customtabs.trusted.TRUSTED_WEB_ACTIVITY_SERVICE"/>
            <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
        </intent-filter>
     </service>

</application>

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Sam