Linux下Poppler-qt6未定义引用错误：CMake正确链接方案问询

我用Qt6和poppler-qt6搭建简易PDF阅读器，已经通过官网说明和checkinstall完成poppler-qt6安装，编译器能识别头文件，但运行代码时所有Poppler类调用都提示未定义引用，使用CLion+CMake环境。

错误信息 #

/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/PDF_Viewer.dir/mainwindow.cpp.o: in function `MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget*)':
/home/maximilian/C-Programming/PDF-Viewer/mainwindow.cpp:20: undefined reference to `Poppler::Document::load(QString const&, QByteArray const&, QByteArray const&)'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/maximilian/C-Programming/PDF-Viewer/mainwindow.cpp:21: undefined reference to `Poppler::Document::page(int) const'
/usr/bin/ld: /home/maximilian/C-Programming/PDF-Viewer/mainwindow.cpp:22: undefined reference to `Poppler::Page::renderToImage(double, double, int, int, int, int, Poppler::Page::Rotation) const'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/PDF_Viewer.dir/mainwindow.cpp.o: in function `std::default_delete<Poppler::Document>::operator()(Poppler::Document*) const':
/usr/include/c++/12/bits/unique_ptr.h:95: undefined reference to `Poppler::Document::~Document()'
/usr/bin/ld: CMakeFiles/PDF_Viewer.dir/mainwindow.cpp.o: in function `std::default_delete<Poppler::Page>::operator()(Poppler::Page*) const':
/usr/include/c++/12/bits/unique_ptr.h:95: undefined reference to `Poppler::Page::~Page()'

我曾尝试在CMakeLists.txt里添加/usr/local/include/poppler/qt6/poppler-qt6.h来解决错误，但编译poppler-annotation.h时出现无法包含<QtCore/QDateTime>的问题，且该库已经在"external libraries/header search paths"中显示。

当前CMakeLists.txt #

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.24)
project(PDF_Viewer)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)


find_package(Qt6 COMPONENTS
        Core
        Gui
        Widgets
        REQUIRED)

add_executable(PDF_Viewer main.cpp mainwindow.cpp mainwindow.h mainwindow.ui)
target_link_libraries(PDF_Viewer
        Qt::Core
        Qt::Gui
        Qt::Widgets
        /usr/local/include/poppler/qt6/poppler-qt6.h
        )

请问如何正确配置CMake以找到并链接poppler库？

核心问题是CMake配置错误：你把头文件路径加到了target_link_libraries（该命令用于链接库文件，而非指定头文件），且未正确找到Poppler-Qt6的库文件。按以下步骤修改CMakeLists.txt：

1. 用pkg-config辅助查找Poppler-Qt6
   CMake可借助pkg-config自动识别poppler-qt6的头文件路径、库文件路径及依赖项，避免手动配置出错。

2. 分离头文件路径与库链接逻辑
   用target_include_directories指定头文件搜索路径，target_link_libraries仅用于链接库文件。

修改后的CMakeLists.txt示例：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.24)
project(PDF_Viewer)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_AUTOMOC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTORCC ON)
set(CMAKE_AUTOUIC ON)

# 查找Qt6组件
find_package(Qt6 COMPONENTS
        Core
        Gui
        Widgets
        REQUIRED)

# 启用pkg-config并查找poppler-qt6
find_package(PkgConfig REQUIRED)
# 若手动安装到/usr/local，需先指定pkgconfig路径
set(PKG_CONFIG_PATH "/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig" ${PKG_CONFIG_PATH})
pkg_check_modules(POPPLER_QT6 REQUIRED poppler-qt6)

# 添加可执行文件
add_executable(PDF_Viewer main.cpp mainwindow.cpp mainwindow.h mainwindow.ui)

# 设置头文件搜索路径
target_include_directories(PDF_Viewer PRIVATE ${POPPLER_QT6_INCLUDE_DIRS})

# 链接依赖库
target_link_libraries(PDF_Viewer
        Qt::Core
        Qt::Gui
        Qt::Widgets
        ${POPPLER_QT6_LIBRARIES}
        )

# 传递poppler的编译选项
target_compile_options(PDF_Viewer PRIVATE ${POPPLER_QT6_CFLAGS_OTHER})

额外说明 #

• 若pkg_check_modules仍找不到poppler-qt6，先在终端执行pkg-config --cflags --libs poppler-qt6，确认输出的路径是否正确，若输出为空，检查/usr/local/lib/pkgconfig下是否存在poppler-qt6.pc文件。
• 之前出现的<QtCore/QDateTime>找不到问题，是因为Poppler头文件依赖Qt，但原配置未让CMake感知到Qt的依赖，用pkg-config会自动处理跨库依赖，解决该问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mettigel4_1