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使用rtsp-simple-server：Python推流网页，Chrome正常Firefox异常

avatar
安全阿岳
2026-7-26
问题：Python生成的视频流无法在Firefox网页中播放（Chrome正常）

更新： 流可以正常运行，但仅在Chrome中可用，Firefox无法播放。

我希望在网页上实时展示程序生成的流，为此部署了支持RTSP和HLS的rtsp-simple-server。已成功通过以下命令从文件推送流，并能在http://localhost:8888/mystream查看：

ffmpeg -re -stream_loop -1 -i file.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -f rtsp -rtsp_transport tcp rtsp://localhost:8554/mystream

但当尝试通过Python向ffmpeg标准输入推送流时，视频无限加载无法播放，Firefox控制台提示：Uncaught (in promise) DOMException: The fetching process for the media resource was aborted by the user agent at the user's request。我的Python代码如下：

import random
import shlex
import subprocess
import time

import numpy as np


def main():
    width = 1024
    height = 720
    framerate = 1
    frame_duration = 1 / framerate
    cmd = shlex.split(
        f'ffmpeg'
        f' -y'
        f' -f rawvideo'
        f' -vcodec rawvideo'
        f' -s {width}x{height}'
        f' -pix_fmt bgr24'
        f' -r {framerate}'
        f' -i -'
        f' -r {framerate}'
        f' -force_key_frames expr:eq(mod(n,3),0)'
        f' -vcodec libx264'
        f' -crf 18'
        f' -preset ultrafast'
        f' -tune zerolatency'
        f' -f rtsp'
        f' -rtsp_transport tcp'
        f' rtsp://localhost:8554/mystream'
    )
    ffmpeg_process = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdin=subprocess.PIPE)
    try:
        while True:
            image = np.full(
                (height, width, 3),
                (
                    random.randint(0, 255),
                    random.randint(0, 255),
                    random.randint(0, 255),
                ),
                dtype=np.uint8,
            )
            ffmpeg_process.stdin.write(image.tobytes())
            time.sleep(frame_duration)
    finally:
        ffmpeg_process.stdin.close()
        ffmpeg_process.wait()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

服务器日志中仅出现一条404（应该是网站图标favicon的请求错误，不影响），其余日志如下：

2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] GET /mystream/
2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [c->s] GET /mystream/ HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8888
Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: ru,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: csrftoken=iRZDO5rsJzhh5peyyKhViN9yRslNQbuZ; Webstorm-713207de=ca4f5f1e-40e8-4bfd-97da-1be2f15f6e9e
Sec-Fetch-Dest: document
Sec-Fetch-Mode: navigate
Sec-Fetch-Site: cross-site
Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/111.0


2023/03/25 13:50:32 INF [HLS] [muxer mystream] created (requested by 172.18.0.1)
2023/03/25 13:50:32 INF [HLS] [muxer mystream] is converting into HLS, 1 track (H264)
2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [s->c] HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Type: text/html
Server: rtsp-simple-server

(body of 1240 bytes)
2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] GET /favicon.ico
2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [c->s] GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8888
Accept: image/avif,image/webp,*/*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: ru,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: csrftoken=iRZDO5rsJzhh5peyyKhViN9yRslNQbuZ; Webstorm-713207de=ca4f5f1e-40e8-4bfd-97da-1be2f15f6e9e
Referer: http://localhost:8888/mystream/
Sec-Fetch-Dest: image
Sec-Fetch-Mode: no-cors
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/111.0


2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [s->c] HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Server: rtsp-simple-server


2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] GET /mystream/index.m3u8
2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [c->s] GET /mystream/index.m3u8 HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8888
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: ru,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: csrftoken=iRZDO5rsJzhh5peyyKhViN9yRslNQbuZ; Webstorm-713207de=ca4f5f1e-40e8-4bfd-97da-1be2f15f6e9e
Referer: http://localhost:8888/mystream/
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/111.0


2023/03/25 13:50:32 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [s->c] HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Type: application/x-mpegURL
Server: rtsp-simple-server

(body of 122 bytes)
2023/03/25 13:50:34 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] GET /mystream/index.m3u8
2023/03/25 13:50:34 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [c->s] GET /mystream/index.m3u8 HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8888
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: ru,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: csrftoken=iRZDO5rsJzhh5peyyKhViN9yRslNQbuZ; Webstorm-713207de=ca4f5f1e-40e8-4bfd-97da-1be2f15f6e9e
Referer: http://localhost:8888/mystream/
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/111.0


2023/03/25 13:50:34 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [s->c] HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Type: application/x-mpegURL
Server: rtsp-simple-server

(body of 122 bytes)
2023/03/25 13:50:36 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] GET /mystream/index.m3u8
2023/03/25 13:50:36 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [c->s] GET /mystream/index.m3u8 HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8888
Accept: */*
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language: ru,en-US;q=0.7,en;q=0.3
Connection: keep-alive
Cookie: csrftoken=iRZDO5rsJzhh5peyyKhViN9yRslNQbuZ; Webstorm-713207de=ca4f5f1e-40e8-4bfd-97da-1be2f15f6e9e
Referer: http://localhost:8888/mystream/
Sec-Fetch-Dest: empty
Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors
Sec-Fetch-Site: same-origin
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Ubuntu; Linux x86_64; rv:109.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/111.0


2023/03/25 13:50:36 DEB [HLS] [conn 172.18.0.1] [s->c] HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true
Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *
Content-Type: application/x-mpegURL
Server: rtsp-simple-server

(body of 122 bytes)

如何让Python生成的流在Firefox网页上正常显示？

解决方案

1. 调整FFmpeg参数，优化HLS兼容性

Firefox对HLS的兼容性要求更严格，尤其是关键帧、封装格式的处理。修改FFmpeg命令参数：

  • 添加-movflags frag_keyframe+empty_moov：确保输出流碎片化，适配实时HLS播放
  • 调整关键帧间隔：将-force_key_frames expr:eq(mod(n,3),0)改为-g 2（每2帧一个关键帧，匹配低帧率场景）

修改后的Python中FFmpeg命令部分：

cmd = shlex.split(
    f'ffmpeg'
    f' -y'
    f' -f rawvideo'
    f' -vcodec rawvideo'
    f' -s {width}x{height}'
    f' -pix_fmt bgr24'
    f' -r {framerate}'
    f' -i -'
    f' -r {framerate}'
    f' -g 2'
    f' -vcodec libx264'
    f' -crf 18'
    f' -preset ultrafast'
    f' -tune zerolatency'
    f' -movflags frag_keyframe+empty_moov'
    f' -f rtsp'
    f' -rtsp_transport tcp'
    f' rtsp://localhost:8554/mystream'
)

2. 强制刷新FFmpeg输入缓冲区

Python写入数据后，缓冲区可能未及时刷新，导致FFmpeg无法处理帧。在write后添加flush操作：

ffmpeg_process.stdin.write(image.tobytes())
ffmpeg_process.stdin.flush()  # 强制刷新缓冲区
time.sleep(frame_duration)

3. 优化rtsp-simple-server的HLS配置

在服务器配置文件中调整以下参数：

  • hlsSegmentCount: 5：保留更多历史片段，避免Firefox请求不到有效内容
  • hlsSegmentDuration: 2：片段长度与关键帧间隔匹配

4. 测试中间封装成MP4（可选）

如果原始帧推送仍有问题，可先将帧封装为MP4再转RTSP，补充元数据：

cmd = shlex.split(
    f'ffmpeg'
    f' -y'
    f' -f rawvideo'
    f' -vcodec rawvideo'
    f' -s {width}x{height}'
    f' -pix_fmt bgr24'
    f' -r {framerate}'
    f' -i -'
    f' -r {framerate}'
    f' -g 2'
    f' -vcodec libx264'
    f' -crf 18'
    f' -preset ultrafast'
    f' -tune zerolatency'
    f' -movflags frag_keyframe+empty_moov+faststart'
    f' -f mp4 - | ffmpeg -y -i - -f rtsp -rtsp_transport tcp rtsp://localhost:8554/mystream'
)

注意：此方式需启用shell=True（需注意安全风险），或调整subprocess的管道处理逻辑。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Powercoder

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最近更新时间：2026.07.26 18:02:04