Django订单表单如何从User类预填字段？尝试initial无效

问题描述 #

需要在订单创建表单中预填当前登录用户的信息（取自User模型），尝试使用initial参数但无效果。相关代码如下：

视图代码 #

def order_create(request):
    cart = Cart(request)
    user = request.user
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        if request.method == 'POST':
            form = OrderCreateForm(request.POST)
            if form.is_valid():
                order = form.save(commit=False)
                if cart.coupon:
                    order.coupon = cart.coupon
                    order.discount = cart.coupon.discount
                order.save()
                for item in cart:
                    OrderItem.objects.create(order=order,
                                            product=item['product'],
                                            price=item['price'],
                                            quantity=item['quantity'])
                cart.clear()
                order_created.delay(order.id)
                request.session['order_id'] = order.id
                return redirect(reverse('payment:process'))
        else:
            form = OrderCreateForm()
    else: 
        return redirect('login')
    return render(request,
                  'orders/order/create.html',
                  {'cart': cart, 'form': form})

表单代码 #

class OrderCreateForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Order
        fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email',
                  'address', 'postal_code', 'city']

模板代码 #

<form action="." method="post" class="order-form">
        {{ form.as_p }}
        <p><input type="submit" value="Place order"></p>
        {% csrf_token %}
</form>

解决方案 #

核心问题是初始化表单时未传入initial参数传递用户数据。修改视图中GET请求分支的表单初始化逻辑即可：

修改后的视图代码 #

def order_create(request):
    cart = Cart(request)
    user = request.user
    if request.user.is_authenticated:
        if request.method == 'POST':
            form = OrderCreateForm(request.POST)
            if form.is_valid():
                order = form.save(commit=False)
                if cart.coupon:
                    order.coupon = cart.coupon
                    order.discount = cart.coupon.discount
                order.save()
                for item in cart:
                    OrderItem.objects.create(order=order,
                                            product=item['product'],
                                            price=item['price'],
                                            quantity=item['quantity'])
                cart.clear()
                order_created.delay(order.id)
                request.session['order_id'] = order.id
                return redirect(reverse('payment:process'))
        else:
            # 传入initial参数预填用户信息
            form = OrderCreateForm(initial={
                'first_name': user.first_name,
                'last_name': user.last_name,
                'email': user.email
            })
    else: 
        return redirect('login')
    return render(request,
                  'orders/order/create.html',
                  {'cart': cart, 'form': form})

可选：设置字段只读（如需） #

如果希望用户无法修改某些预填字段（比如邮箱），可以在表单中为对应字段添加只读属性：

class OrderCreateForm(forms.ModelForm):
    # 给邮箱字段添加只读属性
    email = forms.EmailField(widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'readonly': 'readonly'}))

    class Meta:
        model = Order
        fields = ['first_name', 'last_name', 'email',
                  'address', 'postal_code', 'city']

模板无需修改，form.as_p会自动渲染预填的字段值。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者chazzy