如何实现Pytest+Selenium登录测试重试？解决浏览器状态异常问题

测试用例 #

• 运行Selenium登录测试
  • 打开网站
  • 填写用户名和密码字段
  • 点击登录
  • 等待主页加载完成
  • 断言主页已打开
• 若登录测试失败则重试（最大尝试次数=5）
• 收集重试记录
• 若存在失败重试记录则发送异常状态，否则发送正常状态

问题描述 #

当断言失败时，WebDriver未正确重置浏览器状态，导致重试执行测试时，浏览器停留在主页而非登录页，进而因等待用户名密码输入框元素而测试失败。

现有代码 #

重试装饰器 #

def retry_function(exception, max_attempt: int = 5, step: int = 2):
    def decorator(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def result(*args, **kwargs):
            retry_count = 0
            while retry_count < max_attempt:
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except exception as err:
                    log.info(f"Retry test [{retry_count}/{max_attempt}]: \"{func.__name__}\" --> {err}. "
                             f"Sleep {step} sec before next retry")
                    time.sleep(step)
                    retry_count += 1

            return func(*args, **kwargs)

        return result

    return decorator

conftest.py #

@pytest.hookimpl(tryfirst=True, hookwrapper=True)
def pytest_runtest_makereport(item, call):
    output = yield
    report = output.get_result()

    if report.failed:
        node_id = report.nodeid
        pytest.failed_nodes.append(node_id)
 
@pytest.fixture(scope="function", autouse=True)
def driver(request):
    firefox_options = Options()

    driver = webdriver.Firefox(
        service=Service(GeckoDriverManager().install()),
        options=firefox_options
    )

    failed_before = request.session.testsfailed

    yield driver

    if request.session.testsfailed != failed_before:
        now = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S')
        test_name = f'{request.node.name}_{now}'
        take_screenshot(driver, test_name)

    driver.close()

test_login.py #

@retry_function(exception=AssertionError, max_attempt=1, step=1)
def test_login(self, driver):
   login_page.login()
   assert is_login_page_opened()

状态发送fixture #

@pytest.fixture(scope='session', autouse=True)
def finalizer(request):

    def fin():
        if pytest.failed_nodes:
            resp = api.send_msg(f'Failed tests {pytest.failed_nodes}')
        else:
            resp = api.send_msg('OK')

    request.addfinalizer(fin)

解决方案 #

核心思路是每次重试前强制重置浏览器状态，确保测试重试时浏览器回到初始干净的登录页环境。以下是三种可行方案：

方案1：修改重试装饰器，重试时重置WebDriver #

在捕获异常后，销毁当前浏览器会话并重新初始化，彻底清除之前的状态：

def retry_function(exception, max_attempt: int = 5, step: int = 2):
    def decorator(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def result(*args, **kwargs):
            retry_count = 0
            # 从参数中提取driver对象
            driver = kwargs.get('driver') or (args[1] if len(args) > 1 else None)
            while retry_count < max_attempt:
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except exception as err:
                    log.info(f"Retry test [{retry_count}/{max_attempt}]: \"{func.__name__}\" --> {err}. "
                             f"Sleep {step} sec before next retry")
                    # 重置浏览器：销毁旧会话，创建新会话
                    if driver:
                        driver.quit()
                        firefox_options = Options()
                        driver = webdriver.Firefox(
                            service=Service(GeckoDriverManager().install()),
                            options=firefox_options
                        )
                        kwargs['driver'] = driver
                    time.sleep(step)
                    retry_count += 1
            # 最后一次尝试后仍失败，执行并抛出异常
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return result
    return decorator

方案2：在测试函数内部添加前置状态重置 #

如果不想修改装饰器，可在测试函数开头添加状态重置逻辑，确保每次执行都从登录页开始：

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

@retry_function(exception=AssertionError, max_attempt=5, step=1)
def test_login(self, driver):
    # 重置状态：清除缓存+导航到登录页
    driver.delete_all_cookies()
    driver.get("https://你的登录页地址.com")
    # 等待登录页元素加载完成
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, "用户名输入框ID")))
    
    login_page.login()
    # 修正断言：登录成功后应验证主页而非登录页
    assert is_home_page_opened(), "登录后未跳转到主页"

方案3：优化Fixture配合重试逻辑 #

将driver的关闭操作改为quit()彻底销毁会话，并在重试时重新获取fixture：

1. 修改conftest.py中的driver fixture：

@pytest.fixture(scope="function", autouse=True)
def driver(request):
    firefox_options = Options()
    driver = webdriver.Firefox(
        service=Service(GeckoDriverManager().install()),
        options=firefox_options
    )
    failed_before = request.session.testsfailed
    yield driver
    if request.session.testsfailed != failed_before:
        now = datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H-%M-%S')
        test_name = f'{request.node.name}_{now}'
        take_screenshot(driver, test_name)
    driver.quit()  # 用quit代替close，彻底销毁浏览器会话

2. 修改重试装饰器，每次重试前重新获取driver fixture：

def retry_function(exception, max_attempt: int = 5, step: int = 2):
    def decorator(func):
        @wraps(func)
        def result(*args, **kwargs):
            retry_count = 0
            request = kwargs.get('request')
            while retry_count < max_attempt:
                # 每次重试重新获取干净的driver
                if request:
                    driver = request.getfixturevalue('driver')
                    kwargs['driver'] = driver
                try:
                    return func(*args, **kwargs)
                except exception as err:
                    log.info(f"Retry test [{retry_count}/{max_attempt}]: \"{func.__name__}\" --> {err}. "
                             f"Sleep {step} sec before next retry")
                    time.sleep(step)
                    retry_count += 1
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return result
    return decorator

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者majesty