Windows10远程RPi4运行OpenCV显示视频窗口失败求助

报错信息 #

qt.qpa.xcb: could not connect to display :1
qt.qpa.plugin: Could not load the Qt platform plugin "xcb" in "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/qt/plugins" even though it was found.
This application failed to start because no Qt platform plugin could be initialized. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem.

Available platform plugins are: xcb.

Stack trace (most recent call last):
#25   Object "python", at 0x558888297b, in 
#24   Object "/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", at 0x7f847bbe17, in __libc_start_main
#23   Object "python", at 0x55888840a3, in Py_BytesMain
#22   Object "python", at 0x5588883a3b, in Py_RunMain
#21   Object "python", at 0x558895f4eb, in PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags
#20   Object "python", at 0x558895f323, in 
#19   Object "python", at 0x558895bfcb, in 
#18   Object "python", at 0x558895beb7, in 
#17   Object "python", at 0x5588924057, in PyEval_EvalCode
#16   Object "python", at 0x5588924017, in PyEval_EvalCodeEx
#15   Object "python", at 0x5588923c4f, in _PyEval_EvalCodeWithName
#14   Object "python", at 0x5588881e9b, in _PyEval_EvalFrameDefault
#13   Object "python", at 0x558888fe7f, in _PyObject_MakeTpCall
#12   Object "python", at 0x558888f7af, in 
#11   Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/cv2.abi3.so", at 0x7f77b8a43b, in 
#10   Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/cv2.abi3.so", at 0x7f7876e87f, in 
#9    Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/cv2.abi3.so", at 0x7f7878089b, in 
#8    Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/cv2.abi3.so", at 0x7f78774537, in 
#7    Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/../opencv_contrib_python.libs/libQt5Widgets-b1296c1e.so.5.15.0", at 0x7f7585db03, in QtOpenCVPython::QApplicationPrivate::init()
#6    Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/../opencv_contrib_python.libs/libQt5Gui-a45894d1.so.5.15.0", at 0x7f74f9fa77, in QtOpenCVPython::QGuiApplicationPrivate::init()
#5    Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/../opencv_contrib_python.libs/libQt5Core-9e162752.so.5.15.0", at 0x7f749710ff, in QtOpenCVPython::QCoreApplicationPrivate::init()
#4    Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/../opencv_contrib_python.libs/libQt5Gui-a45894d1.so.5.15.0", at 0x7f74f9ce07, in QtOpenCVPython::QGuiApplicationPrivate::createEventDispatcher()
#3    Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/../opencv_contrib_python.libs/libQt5Gui-a45894d1.so.5.15.0", at 0x7f74f9c963, in QtOpenCVPython::QGuiApplicationPrivate::createPlatformIntegration()
#2    Object "/home/pi/mambaforge/envs/mb/lib/python3.8/site-packages/cv2/../opencv_contrib_python.libs/libQt5Core-9e162752.so.5.15.0", at 0x7f7477213b, in QtOpenCVPython::QMessageLogger::fatal(char const*, ...) const
#1    Object "/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", at 0x7f847bba9f, in abort
#0    Object "/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6", at 0x7f847ceeac, in gsignal
Aborted (Signal sent by tkill() 5843 1000)
Aborted

SSH配置文件（C:\Users\mywname\config） #

Host 192.168.1.8
  HostName 192.168.1.8
  User pi
  ForwardX11 yes
  ForwardX11Trusted yes
  EnableSSHKeysign yes
  IdentityFile C:\Users\<myusername>\.ssh\id_rsa

背景与已尝试操作 #

• 树莓派运行Python代码调用OpenCV的cv.imshow()显示摄像头视频，希望窗口显示在Windows本地
• Windows 10未安装QT，树莓派安装opencv-contrib-python 4.7.0.72，因依赖限制无法更换为无头版本
• 已安装VSCode的Remote X11和Remote X11(SSH)插件，SSH密钥登录验证有效
• 设置export DISPLAY=:0时，视频窗口显示在树莓派本地；设置export DISPLAY=:1时出现上述报错

解决步骤 #

1. 在Windows端安装并启动X服务器 #

Windows本身没有X11显示服务，需要安装第三方X服务器软件（如VcXsrv）：

• 安装VcXsrv，启动时选择Multiple windows，Display number设为0，勾选Disable access control
• 启动后保持软件在后台运行

2. 正确设置树莓派的DISPLAY环境变量 #

• 查看Windows本地的局域网IP（如192.168.1.100）
• 在VSCode连接树莓派后的终端中执行：

  export DISPLAY=你的Windows局域网IP:0.0
  

• 若要永久生效，将上述命令添加到树莓派的~/.bashrc文件中：

  echo "export DISPLAY=你的Windows局域网IP:0.0" >> ~/.bashrc
  source ~/.bashrc
  

3. 验证X11转发是否正常 #

• 在树莓派终端安装X11测试工具（若未安装）：

  sudo apt update && sudo apt install x11-apps
  

• 运行xeyes命令，若Windows端弹出一个带眼睛的窗口，说明X11转发配置成功

4. 调整OpenCV的Qt平台配置（可选） #

若仍有Qt插件报错，在Python代码开头添加：

import os
os.environ['QT_QPA_PLATFORM'] = 'xcb'

强制Qt使用xcb平台插件

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Franva