Windows Server 2012中PowerShell解压Zip文件报错求助

问题背景 #

在Windows Server 2012上运行PowerShell脚本解压ApplicareSingleAgentWindows.zip时，遭遇以下问题：

• 调用Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive\Expand-Archive提示模块无法加载
• 执行Import-Module Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive返回“找不到有效模块文件”
• 尝试Install-Module -Name Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive -RequiredVersion 1.2.5时，提示Install-Module未被识别

报错详情 #

解压命令报错

Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive\Expand-Archive : The module 'Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive' could not be loaded. For more
information, run 'Import-Module Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive'.
At C:\windowsagentinstall.ps1:34 char:1
+ Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive\Expand-Archive -Path ApplicareSingleAgentWindows.Zi ...
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (Microsoft.Power...\Expand-Archive:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CouldNotAutoLoadModule

模块加载报错

Import-Module : The specified module 'Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive' was not loaded because no valid module file was
found in any module directory.
At line:1 char:1
+ Import-Module Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ResourceUnavailable: (Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive:String) [Import-Module], FileNotFound
   Exception
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : Modules_ModuleNotFound,Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.ImportModuleCommand

安装模块报错

PS C:\ApplicareSingleAgentWindows> Install-Module -Name Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive -RequiredVersion 1.2.5
Install-Module : The term 'Install-Module' is not recognized as the name of a cmdlet, function, script file, or
operable program. Check the spelling of the name, or if a path was included, verify that the path is correct and try
again.
At line:1 char:1
+ Install-Module -Name Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive -RequiredVersion 1.2.5
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : ObjectNotFound: (Install-Module:String) [], CommandNotFoundException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : CommandNotFoundException

解决方案 #

1. 升级PowerShell到5.1版本 #

Windows Server 2012默认搭载PowerShell 3.0，Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive模块和Install-Module cmdlet仅在PowerShell 5.0及以上版本中提供。

• 获取Windows Management Framework 5.1安装包并完成安装
• 重启服务器后，重新运行Import-Module Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive即可加载模块，原脚本的解压命令可正常执行。

2. 用.NET类替代解压（无需升级） #

直接调用.NET内置的压缩类实现解压，修改脚本中的解压代码：
原代码段：

echo "Extracting ApplicareSingleagent zip file to ApplicareSingleAgentWindows directory"
Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive\Expand-Archive -Path ApplicareSingleAgentWindows.Zip -DestinationPath "$scriptPath\ApplicareSingleAgentWindows" -Force

替换为：

echo "Extracting ApplicareSingleagent zip file to ApplicareSingleAgentWindows directory"
# 加载.NET压缩组件
Add-Type -AssemblyName System.IO.Compression.FileSystem
# 执行解压，第三个参数$true表示覆盖已有文件
[System.IO.Compression.ZipFile]::ExtractToDirectory("$pwd\ApplicareSingleAgentWindows.Zip", "$scriptPath\ApplicareSingleAgentWindows", $true)

3. 使用第三方工具7-Zip解压 #

若上述方法无法实施，可借助7-Zip工具：

1. 在服务器上安装7-Zip（默认路径为C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe）
2. 修改脚本中的解压部分为：

echo "Extracting ApplicareSingleagent zip file to ApplicareSingleAgentWindows directory"
& "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe" x "$pwd\ApplicareSingleAgentWindows.Zip" -o"$scriptPath\ApplicareSingleAgentWindows" -y

参数说明：

• x：执行解压操作
• -o：指定解压目标目录（注意目录路径与参数间无空格）
• -y：自动确认覆盖已有文件

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者anandarc