Flutter Android构建失败：JetifyTransform转换activity等AAR失败

问题描述 #

旧Flutter应用升级为空安全版本后，iOS端构建正常，Android端反复构建失败，使用Flutter 3.3.7版本。控制台报错如下：

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':app:mergeDebugAssets'.
> Could not resolve all files for configuration ':app:debugRuntimeClasspath'.
   > Failed to transform activity-1.6.1.aar (androidx.activity:activity:1.6.1) to match attributes {artifactType=android-assets, org.gradle.category=library, org.gradle.dependency.bundling=external, org.gradle.libraryelements=aar, org.gradle.status=release, org.gradle.usage=java-runtime}.
      > Execution failed for JetifyTransform: /Users/moiz/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/androidx.activity/activity/1.6.1/23139afb40f2e445f869f2a5f07eb056b1661a3c/activity-1.6.1.aar.
         > Failed to transform '/Users/moiz/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/androidx.activity/activity/1.6.1/23139afb40f2e445f869f2a5f07eb056b1661a3c/activity-1.6.1.aar' using Jetifier. Reason: null. (Run with --stacktrace for more details.)
   > Failed to transform annotation-experimental-1.3.0.aar (androidx.annotation:annotation-experimental:1.3.0) to match attributes {artifactType=android-assets, org.gradle.category=library, org.gradle.dependency.bundling=external, org.gradle.libraryelements=aar, org.gradle.status=release, org.gradle.usage=java-runtime}.
      > Execution failed for JetifyTransform: /Users/moiz/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/androidx.annotation/annotation-experimental/1.3.0/5087c6f545117dcd474e69e1a93cacec9d7334af/annotation-experimental-1.3.0.aar.
         > Failed to transform '/Users/moiz/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/androidx.annotation/annotation-experimental/1.3.0/5087c6f545117dcd474e69e1a93cacec9d7334af/annotation-experimental-1.3.0.aar' using Jetifier. Reason: null. (Run with --stacktrace for more details.)

* Try:
Run with --stacktrace option to get the stack trace. Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output. Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Get more help at https://help.gradle.org

BUILD FAILED in 12m 29s
Exception: Gradle task assembleDebug failed with exit code 1

项目根目录build.gradle配置：

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.6.0'
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:4.2.0'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.4'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        jcenter()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

app模块build.gradle配置：

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
if (flutterRoot == null) {
    throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 33

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    lintOptions {
        disable 'InvalidPackage'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
        applicationId "com.geethen.timeumpire"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 31
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
        multiDexEnabled true
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            // TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
            // Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }
}

flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'com.android.support:multidex:1.0.3'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:20.1.0'
    implementation "com.android.support:support-v4:28.0.0"
}

已尝试更新Android Gradle、执行./gradlew clean命令，问题仍未解决。

排查方案 #

1. 清理Gradle缓存并重新下载依赖 #

• 执行命令删除本地Gradle缓存：

  rm -rf ~/.gradle/caches
  

• 重新运行flutter run，让Gradle重新下载所有依赖包，避免缓存损坏导致Jetify转换失败。

2. 升级Gradle相关版本，适配依赖库 #

根目录build.gradle修改：

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.7.20'
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath 'com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.4.2'
        classpath "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version"
        classpath 'com.google.gms:google-services:4.3.15'
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = '../build'
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(':app')
}

task clean(type: Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

• 移除已停止维护的jcenter()，改用mavenCentral()
• 升级Gradle插件到7.4.2（适配Flutter 3.3.7）
• 升级Kotlin版本到1.7.20（与Gradle 7.x兼容）
• 升级Google Services插件到4.3.15

app模块build.gradle修改：

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file('local.properties')
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader('UTF-8') { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterRoot = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.sdk')
if (flutterRoot == null) {
    throw new GradleException("Flutter SDK not found. Define location with flutter.sdk in the local.properties file.")
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionCode')
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = '1'
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty('flutter.versionName')
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = '1.0'
}

apply plugin: 'com.android.application'
apply plugin: 'kotlin-android'
apply from: "$flutterRoot/packages/flutter_tools/gradle/flutter.gradle"
apply plugin: 'com.google.gms.google-services'

android {
    compileSdkVersion 33

    sourceSets {
        main.java.srcDirs += 'src/main/kotlin'
    }

    lintOptions {
        disable 'InvalidPackage'
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.geethen.timeumpire"
        minSdkVersion 21
        targetSdkVersion 33
        versionCode flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName flutterVersionName
        multiDexEnabled true
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            signingConfig signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }
}

flutter {
    source '../..'
}

dependencies {
    implementation "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
    implementation 'androidx.multidex:multidex:2.0.1'
    implementation 'com.google.firebase:firebase-messaging:23.0.0'
    implementation "androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0"
}

• 将旧的com.android.support库替换为AndroidX对应库
• 升级Firebase Messaging到23.0.0（适配AndroidX和高版本Gradle）
• 统一targetSdkVersion为33，与compileSdkVersion保持一致

3. 禁用Jetify转换（仅确认全AndroidX依赖时使用） #

在项目根目录的gradle.properties中添加：

android.enableJetifier=false

注意：若项目仍存在非AndroidX依赖，此操作会引发其他兼容性问题，需谨慎使用。

4. 检查并升级Flutter插件 #

• 执行flutter pub outdated查看所有依赖插件版本
• 将未适配空安全和AndroidX的插件升级到最新稳定版，重点关注涉及Android原生依赖的插件（如Firebase、权限相关插件）

5. 重新生成Android项目文件 #

• 执行命令重新生成Android基础配置文件：

  flutter create --platforms android .
  

• 注意备份原有自定义配置（如签名文件、AndroidManifest.xml中的权限声明等），避免被覆盖

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Moiz Chauhan