Node.js连接MongoDB失败求助：ECONNREFUSED报错排查

环境信息 #

• MongoDB版本：6.5.0（以服务形式完整安装）
• 已安装mongosh，可通过mongosh正常访问、修改数据库
• Node.js版本：18.15.0
• 项目操作：执行npm init初始化项目，安装mongodb驱动（额外执行了npm install node，该操作无必要）

问题代码 #

用户的connect.js代码：

const {MongoClient} = require('mongodb');

const MONGO_URL = 'mongodb://localhost:27017';
const DB_NAME = 'tododb';

// ASYNC IIFE

(async () =>{

   const client = await MongoClient.connect(MONGO_URL)

   const tododb = client.db(DB_NAME)
   console.log(tododb)
   
})()

报错信息 #

执行node connect.js时出现如下报错：

C:\Users\Gaurav\Desktop\Gagan\DEV\mongoBasics\node_modules\mongodb\lib\sdam\topology.js:277
                const timeoutError = new error_1.MongoServerSelectionError(`Server selection timed out after ${serverSelectionTimeoutMS} ms`, this.description);
                                     ^

MongoServerSelectionError: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:27017
    at Timeout._onTimeout (C:\Users\Gaurav\Desktop\Gagan\DEV\mongoBasics\node_modules\mongodb\lib\sdam\topology.js:277:38)
    at listOnTimeout (node:internal/timers:569:17)
    at process.processTimers (node:internal/timers:512:7) {
  reason: TopologyDescription {
    type: 'Unknown',
    servers: Map(1) {
      'localhost:27017' => ServerDescription {
        address: 'localhost:27017',
        type: 'Unknown',
        hosts: [],
        passives: [],
        arbiters: [],
        tags: {},
        minWireVersion: 0,
        maxWireVersion: 0,
        roundTripTime: -1,
        lastUpdateTime: 1431144101,
        lastWriteDate: 0,
        error: MongoNetworkError: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:27017
            at connectionFailureError (C:\Users\Gaurav\Desktop\Gagan\DEV\mongoBasics\node_modules\mongodb\lib\cmap\connect.js:383:20)
            at Socket.<anonymous> (C:\Users\Gaurav\Desktop\Gagan\DEV\mongoBasics\node_modules\mongodb\lib\cmap\connect.js:307:22)
            at Object.onceWrapper (node:events:628:26)
            at Socket.emit (node:events:513:28)
            at emitErrorNT (node:internal/streams/destroy:151:8)
            at emitErrorCloseNT (node:internal/streams/destroy:116:3)
            at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:82:21) {
          cause: Error: connect ECONNREFUSED ::1:27017
              at TCPConnectWrap.afterConnect [as oncomplete] (node:net:1494:16) {
            errno: -4078,
            code: 'ECONNREFUSED',
            syscall: 'connect',
            address: '::1',
            port: 27017
          },
          [Symbol(errorLabels)]: Set(1) { 'ResetPool' }
        },
        topologyVersion: null,
        setName: null,
        setVersion: null,
        electionId: null,
        logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes: null,
        primary: null,
        me: null,
        '$clusterTime': null
      }
    },
    stale: false,
    compatible: true,
    heartbeatFrequencyMS: 10000,
    localThresholdMS: 15,
    setName: null,
    maxElectionId: null,
    maxSetVersion: null,
    commonWireVersion: 0,
    logicalSessionTimeoutMinutes: null
  },
  code: undefined,
  [Symbol(errorLabels)]: Set(0) {}
}

Node.js v18.15.0

解决方法 #

1. 强制使用IPv4地址连接 #

Node.js 18+版本默认优先将localhost解析为IPv6地址（::1），但MongoDB服务可能仅监听了IPv4的127.0.0.1。修改连接URL为：

const MONGO_URL = 'mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017';

2. 确认MongoDB服务的监听地址 #

打开MongoDB的配置文件（通常为mongod.cfg），找到net.bindIp配置项，确保其包含127.0.0.1和::1，或者设置为0.0.0.0（允许所有IP访问）：

net:
  bindIp: 127.0.0.1,::1

修改后重启MongoDB服务。

3. 检查MongoDB服务状态 #

在Windows命令提示符中执行以下命令，确认服务正在运行：

net start MongoDB

如果服务未启动，执行上述命令启动；若服务异常，打开services.msc找到MongoDB服务，右键选择重启。

4. 移除无用依赖 #

项目中执行npm install node是多余操作（Node.js为全局安装，无需添加到项目依赖），执行以下命令移除：

npm uninstall node

5. 完善代码的错误处理 #

原代码未添加错误捕获，容易导致未处理的Promise拒绝，建议修改为：

const {MongoClient} = require('mongodb');

const MONGO_URL = 'mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017';
const DB_NAME = 'tododb';

(async () =>{
  try {
    const client = await MongoClient.connect(MONGO_URL);
    const tododb = client.db(DB_NAME);
    console.log('数据库连接成功，数据库名称：', tododb.databaseName);
    // 后续操作完成后可关闭连接
    // await client.close();
  } catch (error) {
    console.error('数据库连接失败：', error);
  }
})();

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Gagan Arora