使用Selenium ChromeDriver加载用户配置文件无法打开新Chrome窗口

尝试使用个人用户配置文件打开新Chrome窗口，代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("user-data-dir=C:\Users\user_name\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\")
options.add_argument("profile-directory=Profile 1")

ser = Service("C:\path\to\my\chromedriver.exe")

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service = ser,options=options)
driver.get('https://www.google.co.in/')

已有Chrome窗口运行时，出现以下错误：

selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: exited normally.
(unknown error: DevToolsActivePort file doesn't exist)
  (The process started from chrome location C:\Program Files (x86)\Google\Chrome\Application\chrome.exe is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
Backtrace:
    (No symbol) [0x0031DCE3]
    (No symbol) [0x002B39D1]
    (No symbol) [0x001C4DA8]
    (No symbol) [0x001E20BC]
    (No symbol) [0x001DED19]
    (No symbol) [0x002115AE]
    (No symbol) [0x0021129C]
    (No symbol) [0x0020ACC6]
    (No symbol) [0x001E6F68]
    (No symbol) [0x001E80CD]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x00593832+2506274]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x005C9794+2727300]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x005CE36C+2746716]
    GetHandleVerifier [0x003C6690+617600]
    (No symbol) [0x002BC712]
    (No symbol) [0x002C1FF8]
    (No symbol) [0x002C20DB]
    (No symbol) [0x002CC63B]
    BaseThreadInitThunk [0x768200F9+25]
    RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77017BBE+286]
    RtlGetAppContainerNamedObjectPath [0x77017B8E+238]

问题核心是Chrome不允许同一个用户数据目录被多个实例同时占用，已有窗口运行时，Selenium启动的实例无法获取目录权限导致失败，可通过两种方式解决：

方法一：添加调试端口及启动参数 #

在ChromeOptions中指定未被占用的调试端口，同时跳过首次运行检查，修改后代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 用原始字符串r""避免Windows路径的转义问题
options.add_argument(r"user-data-dir=C:\Users\user_name\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data")
options.add_argument("profile-directory=Profile 1")
# 添加调试端口及启动参数
options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-port=9222")
options.add_argument("--no-first-run")
options.add_argument("--no-default-browser-check")

ser = Service(r"C:\path\to\my\chromedriver.exe")

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ser, options=options)
driver.get('https://www.google.co.in/')

方法二：复制独立的用户配置目录 #

将原Profile 1配置目录复制到新路径，让两个Chrome实例使用不同配置目录，避免冲突：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service

options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
# 指定复制后的新配置目录路径
options.add_argument(r"user-data-dir=C:\Users\user_name\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\Copied User Data")
options.add_argument("profile-directory=Profile 1")

ser = Service(r"C:\path\to\my\chromedriver.exe")

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=ser, options=options)
driver.get('https://www.google.co.in/')

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者sahshaash