使用Hardhat+Ethers部署合约遇TypeError问题求助

执行yarn hardhat deploy时触发TypeError: btc_eth.deployed is not a function；移除await btc_eth.deployed()后，又出现TypeError: btc_eth.registerVault is not a function。

部署脚本01-deploy-main.js #

const { network, ethers } = require("hardhat")
const { developmentChains } = require("../helper-hardhat-config")
const { relayNetworks } = require("../btcrelay-config")

module.exports = async ({ getNamedAccounts, deployments }) => {
    const { deploy, log } = deployments
    const { deployer, vault, alice, bob, eve } = await getNamedAccounts()
    let args
    let btc_eth
    if (developmentChains.includes(network.name)) {
        const btcRelay = await deployments.get("MockBTCRelay")
        args = ["BTC-ETH-CROSS", "BTH", 1, btcRelay.address]
        btc_eth = await deploy("CrossChain", {
            from: deployer,
            log: true,
            args: args,
        })
    } else if (network.name == "sepolia") {
        args = ["BTC-ETH-CROSS", "BTH", 1, relayNetworks.sepolia]
        btc_eth = await deploy("CrossChain", {
            from: deployer,
            log: true,
            args: args,
        })
    } else if (network.name == "main") {
        args = ["BTC-ETH-CROSS", "BTH", 1, relayNetworks.main]
        btc_eth = await deploy("CrossChain", {
            from: deployer,
            log: true,
            args: args,
        })
    }
    await btc_eth.deployed()
    log(`Got cotract CrossChain at ${btc_eth.address}`)
    log("CrossChain deployed!")
    log("--------------------------------------------------")

    const amount = 1
    const collateral = "0.01"
    const collateral_user = "0.00000001"
    let vault_collateral = ethers.utils.parseUnits(collateral, "ether")
    let user_collateral = ethers.utils.parseUnits(collateral_user, "ether")

    const btc_address_vault = "0x02a751dc8c10e35fed2c6eddc2575c9af2c71d23"
    const btc_address_bob = "0x69f374b39af4aa342997e0bdff3b3b297a85883c"
    const btc_tx =
        "0x3a7bdf6d01f068841a99cce22852698df8428d07c68a32d867b112a4b24c8fe0"

    const gas_limit = 6000000

    await btc_eth.registerVault(vault, {
        from: vault,
        value: vault_collateral,
    })
    btc_eth.once("RegisterVault", (from, value) => {
        console(
            `vault ${vault.address} successfully registered and the vault_collteral is ${vault_collateral}!`
        )
    })
}
module.exports.tags = ["all", "btc_eth"]

Treasury.sol中的registerVault函数 #

function registerVault(
        address payable toRegister
    ) public payable override returns (bool) {
 
        require(msg.value >= _minimumCollateralVault, "Collateral too low");

        _registerNewVault(toRegister, msg.value);

        _vaultTokenSupply += _convertEthToBtc(msg.value);
        _vaultCollateral += msg.value;

        return true;
    }

package.json配置 #

{
  "name": "hardhat-cross-chain",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "license": "MIT",
  "devDependencies": {
    "@chainlink/contracts": "^0.6.1",
    "@ethersproject/abi": "^5.4.7",
    "@ethersproject/providers": "^5.4.7",
    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-chai-matchers": "^1.0.0",
    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-network-helpers": "^1.0.0",
    "@nomicfoundation/hardhat-toolbox": "^2.0.0",
    "@nomiclabs/hardhat-ethers": "npm:hardhat-deploy-ethers",
    "@nomiclabs/hardhat-etherscan": "^3.0.0",
    "@typechain/ethers-v5": "^10.1.0",
    "@typechain/hardhat": "^6.1.2",
    "chai": "^4.2.0",
    "dotenv": "^16.0.3",
    "ethers": "5.7.0",
    "fs-extra": "^11.1.1",
    "hardhat": "^2.13.0",
    "hardhat-deploy": "^0.11.25",
    "hardhat-gas-reporter": "^1.0.8",
    "openzeppelin-solidity": "^3.4.2",
    "prettier": "^2.8.4",
    "prettier-plugin-solidity": "^1.1.3",
    "solhint": "^3.4.1",
    "solidity-coverage": "^0.8.0",
    "typechain": "^8.1.0"
  },
  "scripts": {
    "test": "hardhat test",
    "test:staging": "hardhat test --network sepolia",
    "lint": "solhint 'contracts/**/*.sol'",
    "lint:fix": "solhint 'contracts/**/*.sol' --fix",
    "format": "prettier --write .",
    "coverage": "hardhat coverage"
  }
}

第一次报错日志 #

Nothing to compile
Local network detected! Deploying mocks...
deploying "MockBTCRelay" (tx: 0x191f0c3fe1817cf0bac4f9e69b2f00a14fedc895d255d735c860ae7601631550)...: deployed at 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3 with 606889 gas
Got contract MocjBTCRelay at 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
Mocks deployed!
--------------------------------------------------
deploying "CrossChain" (tx: 0x199057c66a9a92a7fe99999b51fb7af96e89b2f1de265d6de1373f2c07278d72)...: deployed at 0xe7f1725E7734CE288F8367e1Bb143E90bb3F0512 with 5864917 gas
An unexpected error occurred:

Error: ERROR processing C:\Users\86186\Desktop\Blockchain\Ethereum\Project\hardhat-cross-chain\deploy\01-deploy-main.js:
TypeError: btc_eth.deployed is not a function
    at Object.module.exports [as func] (C:\Users\86186\Desktop\Blockchain\Ethereum\Project\hardhat-cross-chain\deploy\01-deploy-main.js:75:19)
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:93:5)
    at runNextTicks (internal/process/task_queues.js:62:3)
    at listOnTimeout (internal/timers.js:523:9)
    at processTimers (internal/timers.js:497:7)
    ....

第二次报错日志 #

Nothing to compile
Local network detected! Deploying mocks...
deploying "MockBTCRelay" (tx: 0x191f0c3fe1817cf0bac4f9e69b2f00a14fedc895d255d735c860ae7601631550)...: deployed at 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3 with 606889 gas
Got contract MocjBTCRelay at 0x5FbDB2315678afecb367f032d93F642f64180aa3
Mocks deployed!
--------------------------------------------------
deploying "CrossChain" (tx: 0x199057c66a9a92a7fe99999b51fb7af96e89b2f1de265d6de1373f2c07278d72)...: deployed at 0xe7f1725E7734CE288F8367e1Bb143E90bb3F0512 with 5864917 gas
Got cotract CrossChain at 0xe7f1725E7734CE288F8367e1Bb143E90bb3F0512
CrossChain deployed!
--------------------------------------------------
An unexpected error occurred:

Error: ERROR processing C:\Users\86186\Desktop\Blockchain\Ethereum\Project\hardhat-cross-chain\deploy\01-deploy-main.js:
TypeError: btc_eth.registerVault is not a function
    at Object.module.exports [as func] (C:\Users\86186\Desktop\Blockchain\Ethereum\Project\hardhat-cross-chain\deploy\01-deploy-main.js:93:19)
    at processTicksAndRejections (internal/process/task_queues.js:93:5)
    at runNextTicks (internal/process/task_queues.js:62:3)
    at listOnTimeout (internal/timers.js:523:9)
    at processTimers (internal/timers.js:497:7)
    ...

解决方案 #

这两个错误根源都是**hardhat-deploy的deploy函数返回的不是Ethers合约实例**，而是一个包含部署信息的对象，所以没有deployed()方法和合约函数。

步骤1：获取Ethers合约实例 #

部署完成后，用ethers.getContractAt把部署地址转换成Ethers合约实例，替换原来的await btc_eth.deployed()部分：

// 部署逻辑保持不变，替换后续代码
const crossChainContract = await ethers.getContractAt("CrossChain", btc_eth.address)
// hardhat-deploy的deploy已经确保合约部署完成，不需要调用deployed()
log(`Got contract CrossChain at ${btc_eth.address}`)
log("CrossChain deployed!")
log("--------------------------------------------------")

步骤2：修正合约方法调用细节 #

• 用connect(ethers.getSigner(vault))切换调用者，Ethers v5不支持{from: vault}这种写法
• vault是地址字符串，不是对象，直接使用即可，不需要vault.address
• 日志里格式化数值，避免显示wei单位的大数

完整修正后的关键代码片段 #

// ...部署逻辑不变...
const crossChainContract = await ethers.getContractAt("CrossChain", btc_eth.address)

log(`Got contract CrossChain at ${btc_eth.address}`)
log("CrossChain deployed!")
log("--------------------------------------------------")

// ...其他变量定义不变...

const vaultSigner = await ethers.getSigner(vault)
await crossChainContract.connect(vaultSigner).registerVault(vault, {
    value: vault_collateral,
})
crossChainContract.once("RegisterVault", (from, value) => {
    console.log(
        `vault ${from} successfully registered and the vault_collateral is ${ethers.utils.formatUnits(value, "ether")} ETH!`
    )
})

错误原因说明 #

hardhat-deploy的deploy函数返回的是部署记录对象，包含address、transactionHash等属性，但不是Ethers合约实例，因此无法调用deployed()和合约方法。必须通过ethers.getContractAt根据地址获取合约实例，才能与合约交互。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Chenny