pip安装calplot模块后Python无法找到的问题求助

问题描述 #

已通过pip安装calplot模块，但执行测试脚本时提示ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'calplot'，相关信息如下：

安装日志 #

$ pip install calplot
Requirement already satisfied: calplot in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (0.1.7.5)
Requirement already satisfied: matplotlib in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from calplot) (3.7.1)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from calplot) (1.24.2)
Requirement already satisfied: pandas>=1 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from calplot) (2.0.0)
Requirement already satisfied: pytz>=2020.1 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from pandas>=1->calplot) (2023.3)
Requirement already satisfied: python-dateutil>=2.8.2 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from pandas>=1->calplot) (2.8.2)
Requirement already satisfied: tzdata>=2022.1 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from pandas>=1->calplot) (2023.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pyparsing>=2.3.1 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->calplot) (3.0.9)
Requirement already satisfied: cycler>=0.10 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->calplot) (0.11.0)
Requirement already satisfied: kiwisolver>=1.0.1 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->calplot) (1.4.4)
Requirement already satisfied: fonttools>=4.22.0 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->calplot) (4.39.3)
Requirement already satisfied: pillow>=6.2.0 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->calplot) (9.5.0)
Requirement already satisfied: packaging>=20.0 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->calplot) (23.0)
Requirement already satisfied: contourpy>=1.0.1 in /home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from matplotlib->calplot) (1.0.7)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.5 in /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/lib/python3.10/site-packages (from python-dateutil>=2.8.2->pandas>=1->calplot) (1.16.0)

测试脚本CalPlot.py #

import calplot
import numpy as np; np.random.seed(sum(map(ord, 'calplot')))
import pandas as pd
all_days = pd.date_range('1/1/2019', periods=730, freq='D')
days = np.random.choice(all_days, 500)
events = pd.Series(np.random.randn(len(days)), index=days)
calplot.calplot(events)

执行错误 #

$ python CalPlot.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/lamy/Documents/Git/Cs/Architecture/ArchitectureSrc/Hardware/Memory/Harddisk/Backup/Borg/Src/CalPlot.py", line 10, in <module>
    import calplot
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'calplot'

环境信息 #

type pip
pip is /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/pip
pip is /usr/bin/pip
pip is /bin/pip

$ type python
python is aliased to `python3'
python is /usr/bin/python
python is /bin/python

$ type python3
python3 is /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/bin/python3
python3 is /usr/bin/python3
python3 is /bin/python3

$ python --version
Python 3.11.2

$ pip --version
pip 23.0.1 from /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/opt/python@3.11/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip (python 3.11)
$ python -m pip --version
pip 23.0.1 from /home/linuxbrew/.linuxbrew/Cellar/python@3.11/3.11.2_1/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pip (python 3.11)

问题根源 #

从安装日志可以看到，calplot被安装到了Python 3.10的包目录/home/lamy/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages，但当前执行脚本的Python版本是3.11.2，不同版本的Python包目录相互独立，所以3.11版本找不到3.10版本安装的模块。

解决方案 #

方法一：给当前Python版本重新安装calplot #

当前默认pip对应Python 3.11，直接运行以下命令安装calplot到3.11的包目录：

pip install calplot

或者明确指定Python版本：

python3.11 -m pip install calplot

方法二：用安装了calplot的Python版本运行脚本 #

如果不想重新安装，找到Python 3.10的可执行文件路径（可以用which python3.10查看），然后用它来运行脚本：

python3.10 CalPlot.py

方法三：使用虚拟环境避免版本混乱 #

如果经常遇到多Python版本冲突问题，建议使用虚拟环境隔离依赖：

1. 创建Python 3.11的虚拟环境：

python3.11 -m venv my_calplot_env

2. 激活虚拟环境：

source my_calplot_env/bin/activate

3. 在激活的环境中安装calplot：

pip install calplot

4. 运行测试脚本：

python CalPlot.py

5. 退出虚拟环境：

deactivate

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Porcupine