Serenity JUnit测试结合LambdaTest Maven Tunnel无法并行执行求助

在Serenity BDD项目中使用LambdaTest网格执行测试时，添加lambdatest-tunnel-binary依赖后，多线程并行测试无法正常运行；但注释掉该依赖后，测试能在LambdaTest控制台正常并行执行。需求是保留LambdaTest Maven Tunnel依赖，同时实现所有测试在LambdaTest网格上的多线程并行执行。

当前项目的POM配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project
    xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>org.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>SerenityBDD</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <serenity.version>3.6.12</serenity.version>
        <serenity.maven.version>3.6.12</serenity.maven.version>
        <serenity.cucumber.version>3.6.12</serenity.cucumber.version>
        <maven.compiler.version>3.8.1</maven.compiler.version>
        <maven.surefire.version>3.0.0-M5</maven.surefire.version>
        <tags></tags>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.serenity-bdd</groupId>
            <artifactId>serenity-core</artifactId>
            <version>${serenity.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.serenity-bdd</groupId>
            <artifactId>serenity-junit</artifactId>
            <version>${serenity.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.2</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.serenity-bdd</groupId>
            <artifactId>serenity-rest-assured</artifactId>
            <version>${serenity.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.serenity-bdd</groupId>
            <artifactId>serenity-cucumber</artifactId>
            <version>${serenity.cucumber.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.19.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.19.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.github.lambdatest</groupId>
            <artifactId>lambdatest-tunnel-binary</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.16</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.5</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven.compiler.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                    <source>11</source>
                    <target>11</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${maven.surefire.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/SerenityTestRunner.java</include>
                    </includes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-failsafe-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0.0-M5</version>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/SerenityRunner*.java</include>
                    </includes>
                    <parallel>methods</parallel>
                    <threadCount>3</threadCount>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>integration-test</goal>
                            <goal>verify</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.diffplug.spotless</groupId>
                <artifactId>spotless-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.26.0</version>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>net.serenity-bdd.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>serenity-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${serenity.maven.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <tags>${tags}</tags>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>serenity-reports</id>
                        <phase>post-integration-test</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>aggregate</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

问题核心是每个测试线程尝试独立启动LambdaTest Tunnel，导致端口冲突或隧道实例重复创建，阻塞并行执行。以下是针对性解决步骤：

1. 调整隧道依赖作用域 #

将lambdatest-tunnel-binary的依赖作用域设为test，避免污染主类路径，仅在测试阶段可用：

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.github.lambdatest</groupId>
    <artifactId>lambdatest-tunnel-binary</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.16</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

2. 全局控制隧道的启动与关闭 #

创建测试基类，使用JUnit的@BeforeClass和@AfterClass注解，确保整个测试套件仅启动一次隧道，所有并行测试共享同一实例：

import com.lambdatest.tunnel.Tunnel;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class LambdaTestTunnelBase {
    private static Tunnel tunnel;

    @BeforeClass
    public static void startTunnel() throws Exception {
        tunnel = new Tunnel();
        Map<String, String> tunnelOptions = new HashMap<>();
        tunnelOptions.put("user", "你的LambdaTest用户名");
        tunnelOptions.put("key", "你的LambdaTest访问密钥");
        // 可添加其他隧道参数，如代理配置等
        tunnel.start(tunnelOptions);
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void stopTunnel() throws Exception {
        if (tunnel != null && tunnel.isRunning()) {
            tunnel.stop();
        }
    }
}

让所有测试类继承该基类，保证隧道仅在测试开始前启动一次，测试结束后统一关闭。

3. 对齐并行配置 #

在项目根目录的serenity.properties文件中添加Serenity并行支持配置，与Maven插件的并行策略对齐：

serenity.parallel.enabled=true
serenity.parallel.mode=THREAD
serenity.parallel.thread.count=3

4. 修复日志依赖冲突 #

原POM中同时引入slf4j-log4j12和log4j-api/log4j-core会导致日志绑定冲突，影响测试稳定性。移除slf4j-log4j12，改用Log4j2的SLF4J绑定：

<!-- 移除原有冲突依赖 -->
<!-- <dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    <version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency> -->

<!-- 添加Log4j2的SLF4J适配依赖 -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
    <version>2.19.0</version>
</dependency>

完成修改后，执行以下Maven命令启动测试：

mvn clean verify -Dtags=

测试将通过共享的LambdaTest Tunnel实例，在LambdaTest网格上实现多线程并行执行。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Shahnawaz Sk