Spring Boot+Gradle构建JAR运行失败：Bean定义缺失异常排查

我有一个基于Spring Boot和Gradle开发的API项目，IDE中运行正常，但编译构建为JAR包后无法运行，抛出如下错误：

补充说明：项目采用多租户架构，使用Lombok简化代码。

Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'edu.uoc.dslab.api.infrastructure.jpa.SpringDataUsuariRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1812)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1371)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1325)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.resolveAutowiredArgument(ConstructorResolver.java:885)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.ConstructorResolver.createArgumentArray(ConstructorResolver.java:789)
    ... 60 common frames omitted

部分代码展示 #

build.gradle #

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.0.2'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.0'
}

group = 'edu.uoc.dslab'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:8.0.32'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-oauth2-resource-server'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-security'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
    implementation 'commons-io:commons-io:2.11.0'
    implementation 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpcore:4.4.15'
    implementation 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpclient:4.5.14'
    implementation 'org.apache.httpcomponents:httpmime:4.5.14'
    implementation(group: 'org.dom4j', name: 'dom4j', version: "2.1.4") {
        exclude group: "pull-parser", module: "pull-parser"
    }

    developmentOnly 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.security:spring-security-test'

}

tasks.named('test') {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

jar {
    manifest {
        attributes(
                'Main-Class': 'edu.uoc.dslab.api.DSLabApiApplication'
        )
    }
    from {
        configurations.compile.collect { it.isDirectory() ? it : zipTree(it) }
    }
}

启动类 #

@SpringBootApplication
@ComponentScan(excludeFilters={@ComponentScan.Filter(type= FilterType.ASSIGNABLE_TYPE, value={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class})})
public class DSLabApiApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(DSLabApiApplication.class, args);
    }

}

API Controller #

@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
@RestController
@Transactional
@RequestMapping("/endpoint")
public class APIController {
    private final PermissosService permissosService;
    private final ProjecteService projecteService;

Service实现类 #

@RequiredArgsConstructor(onConstructor = @__(@Autowired))
@Service
public class PermissosServiceImpl implements PermissosService {

    private final UsuariService usuariService;

Entity类 #

@Entity
@Getter
@Setter
@EqualsAndHashCode
@Builder
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@Table(name = "user")
public class User {
    
    @Id
    @Column(name = "id")
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    private Long id;

Repository接口 #

@Repository
public interface SpringDataUsuariRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {


}

核心原因 #

自定义的jar任务不符合Spring Boot可执行JAR的打包规范，它只是简单打包了项目代码和依赖，没有正确处理Spring Boot的自动配置、Bean扫描逻辑，导致JPA Repository这类需要Spring动态代理生成的Bean无法被初始化。

修复步骤 #

1. 移除自定义的jar任务配置
   删除build.gradle中以下代码块：

   jar {
       manifest {
           attributes(
                   'Main-Class': 'edu.uoc.dslab.api.DSLabApiApplication'
           )
       }
       from {
           configurations.compile.collect { it.isDirectory() ? it : zipTree(it) }
       }
   }
   

2. 使用Spring Boot官方的bootJar任务构建可执行JAR
   执行以下Gradle命令构建JAR：

   ./gradlew bootJar
   

   构建完成后，可执行JAR位于build/libs目录下，运行命令：

   java -jar build/libs/DSLabApi-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar
   

3. 补充Lombok依赖（关键遗漏）
   当前build.gradle中未添加Lombok依赖，IDE可能通过插件支持，但打包时必须显式添加，否则Lombok注解无法生效：

   dependencies {
       // 原有依赖...
       compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.28'
       annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.28'
       testCompileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.28'
       testAnnotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.28'
   }
   

4. 可选：确认Bean扫描范围
   启动类DSLabApiApplication位于edu.uoc.dslab.api，Repository在edu.uoc.dslab.api.infrastructure.jpa（子包），默认@SpringBootApplication会扫描启动类所在包及子包，所以无需额外配置。如果Repository在其他包，需在启动类添加：

   @EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "edu.uoc.dslab.api.infrastructure.jpa")
   

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Devid