升级Chrome Driver至v89+后Python Selenium启动崩溃问题求助

问题概述 #

现有配置在Chrome/ChromeDriver v89以下版本可正常运行，但升级至v89及以上版本（如v90、v100、v110）后，Chrome启动崩溃，抛出错误：

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/program/src/steps/start_browser_step.py", line 30, in handle
    browser = self.browser(options, service)
  File "/opt/program/src/steps/start_browser_step.py", line 105, in browser
    browser = ChromeBrowser(options=options, service=service)
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chrome/webdriver.py", line 81, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/chromium/webdriver.py", line 106, in __init__
    super().__init__(
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 288, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities, browser_profile)
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 381, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, parameters)
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/webdriver.py", line 444, in execute
    self.error_handler.check_response(response)
  File "/opt/bitnami/python/lib/python3.8/site-packages/selenium/webdriver/remote/errorhandler.py", line 249, in check_response
    raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: unknown error: Chrome failed to start: crashed.
  (chrome not reachable)
  (The process started from chrome location /opt/program/bin/chrome-linux/chrome is no longer running, so ChromeDriver is assuming that Chrome has crashed.)
Stacktrace:
#0 0x00400084a262 <unknown>
#1 0x00400083b133 <unknown>
#2 0x004000545ce1 <unknown>
#3 0x00400056cf1c <unknown>
#4 0x004000568c4e <unknown>
#5 0x0040005ae38d <unknown>
#6 0x0040005a4d83 <unknown>
#7 0x004000573552 <unknown>
#8 0x00400057478c <unknown>
#9 0x0040007f33f6 <unknown>
#10 0x004000809858 <unknown>
#11 0x0040008090ff <unknown>
#12 0x00400080a015 <unknown>
#13 0x004000810cd3 <unknown>
#14 0x00400080a39b <unknown>
#15 0x0040007e51e7 <unknown>
#16 0x004000827848 <unknown>
#17 0x00400082798f <unknown>
#18 0x004000835256 <unknown>
#19 0x004002768fa3 start_thread
#20 0x004002d244cf clone

尝试过webdriver-manager自动安装驱动，未解决问题。

修复方案 #

1. 移除冲突的启动参数 #

Chrome v89+对--single-process参数兼容性大幅下降，无头模式下该参数会直接导致进程崩溃；同时--start-maximized与--kiosk在无头模式下存在冲突，--kiosk已强制全屏，无需重复设置。

修改Python启动代码中的参数：

from selenium.webdriver import Chrome as ChromeBrowser
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options as ChromeOptions
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service as ChromeService

options = ChromeOptions()
options.binary_location = '/opt/program/bin/chrome-linux/chrome'

user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_5) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) ' \
             'CriOS/85 Version/11.1.1 Safari/605.1.15'
options.add_argument(f'user-agent={user_agent}')
options.add_argument('--allow-running-insecure-content')
options.add_argument('--ignore-certificate-errors')
options.add_argument('--disable-gpu')
options.add_argument('--hide-scrollbars')
options.add_argument('--window-size=1400,1080')
options.add_argument('--disable-cache')
options.add_argument('--headless=new')  # v96+推荐使用该参数替代旧版--headless
options.add_argument('--no-sandbox')
options.add_argument('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
options.add_argument('--kiosk')

service = ChromeService(executable_path='/opt/program/bin/chromedriver_linux64/chromedriver')

browser = ChromeBrowser(options=options, service=service)

注：Chrome v96及以上版本推荐使用--headless=new，比旧版--headless更稳定，功能更完整。

2. 补充高版本Chrome依赖库 #

在Dockerfile的apt-get install环节添加v89+所需的额外依赖：

RUN apt-get install -y libu2f-udev libvulkan1

3. 确保Chrome二进制文件权限 #

在Dockerfile中解压Chrome和ChromeDriver后，添加权限设置：

RUN chmod +x /opt/program/bin/chrome-linux/chrome
RUN chmod +x /opt/program/bin/chromedriver_linux64/chromedriver

4. 升级Selenium至兼容版本 #

当前使用的Selenium 4.6.0虽支持高版本Chrome，但升级到最新稳定版可修复已知兼容性问题，修改requirements.txt：

selenium==4.15.0  # 替换为最新稳定版

5. 严格匹配Chrome与ChromeDriver版本 #

确认下载的Chrome和ChromeDriver版本完全一致，用户提供的1109227对应Chrome 111.x版本，需确保两者版本号严格对应，避免版本不匹配导致启动失败。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Scobee