Android开发：使用ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission()无法访问位置权限

问题根源 #

你碰到的问题主要有两点：

1. 未导入android.Manifest类，导致无法访问Manifest.permission下的权限常量
2. 代码中的if语句存在语法错误，括号未闭合

修复步骤 #

1. 添加Manifest类的导入 #

在MainActivity的import区域补充一行：

import android.Manifest;

2. 修正语法错误并补全权限检查逻辑 #

把出错的if语句替换为完整的权限判断代码，示例如下：

// 检查精确定位权限是否已授予
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
    // 权限已获取，执行定位操作
    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, locationListener);
} else {
    // 未获取权限，发起权限申请
    ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION}, 1001);
}

注意：使用ActivityCompat.requestPermissions时，还需要导入androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat和android.content.pm.PackageManager两个类。

修正后的完整MainActivity代码 #

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat;
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat;
import androidx.core.location.LocationListenerCompat;

import android.Manifest;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.location.Location;
import android.location.LocationListener;
import android.location.LocationManager;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private static final int LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 1001;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) this.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
        LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {
            @Override
            public void onLocationChanged(@NonNull Location location) {
                Log.i("Location", location.toString());
            }
        };

        // 检查精确定位权限
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            // 权限已授予，请求位置更新
            locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, locationListener);
        } else {
            // 同时申请精确定位和粗略定位权限
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,
                    new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},
                    LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE);
        }
    }

    // 处理权限申请结果
    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
        if (requestCode == LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) {
            if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                // 用户同意权限，重新发起定位请求
                LocationManager locationManager = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE);
                LocationListener locationListener = new LocationListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onLocationChanged(@NonNull Location location) {
                        Log.i("Location", location.toString());
                    }
                };
                if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, locationListener);
                }
            } else {
                // 用户拒绝权限，可添加提示或后续处理逻辑
                Log.i("Permission", "定位权限被拒绝");
            }
        }
    }
}

额外提醒 #

• 若APP目标版本为Android 12（API 31）及以上，且需要后台定位功能，需在Manifest中添加ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION权限，并在代码中一并申请
• 每次发起位置更新请求前，务必先检查权限状态，避免程序崩溃

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Allen J Mathew