Nginx Docker镜像构建失败：缺失指定模块包，求替代构建方案

之前使用以下Dockerfile构建带额外模块的Nginx镜像可正常成功，现在重新构建时出现包找不到的错误：

原Dockerfile #

FROM nginx:mainline-alpine
RUN apk update
RUN apk add nginx-extras libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam

构建错误信息 #

=> [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/nginx:mainline-alpine                                                                                                                                                                0.0s
 => [1/3] FROM docker.io/library/nginx:mainline-alpine                                                                                                                                                                                  0.0s
 => CACHED [2/3] RUN apk update                                                                                                                                                                                                         0.0s
 => ERROR [3/3] RUN apk add nginx-extras libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam                                                                                                                                           0.7s
------
 > [3/3] RUN apk add nginx-extras libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam:
#0 0.632 ERROR: unable to select packages:
#0 0.633   libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam (no such package):
#0 0.680     required by: world[libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam]
#0 0.680   libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext (no such package):
#0 0.680     required by: world[libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext]
#0 0.680   nginx-extras (no such package):
#0 0.680     required by: world[nginx-extras]

出现该问题的核心原因是Alpine软件源中，Nginx mainline分支的包命名规则发生了变更，原libnginx-mod-*、nginx-extras这类包名已调整为nginx-mainline-mod-*、nginx-mainline-extras。以下是几种可行的解决方法：

方法1：修正包名（推荐，继续使用mainline版本） #

修改Dockerfile中的包名以适配新规则，同时合并RUN命令并添加--no-cache参数减小镜像体积：

FROM nginx:mainline-alpine
RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache \
    nginx-mainline-extras \
    nginx-mainline-mod-http-dav-ext \
    nginx-mainline-mod-http-auth-pam

方法2：切换到stable版基础镜像 #

若不需要mainline版本的新特性，可切换到nginx:stable-alpine基础镜像，该分支的包命名未发生变更，原Dockerfile可直接复用：

FROM nginx:stable-alpine
RUN apk update && apk add --no-cache \
    nginx-extras \
    libnginx-mod-http-dav-ext \
    libnginx-mod-http-auth-pam

方法3：从源码编译自定义Nginx #

如果需要高度自定义模块或特定版本的Nginx，可直接从源码编译，示例Dockerfile如下：

FROM alpine:latest

# 安装编译依赖
RUN apk add --no-cache \
    gcc \
    make \
    musl-dev \
    openssl-dev \
    pcre-dev \
    zlib-dev \
    linux-headers \
    davfs2-dev \
    pam-dev

# 下载指定版本的Nginx源码
ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.25.3
RUN wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-${NGINX_VERSION}.tar.gz && \
    tar -xzf nginx-${NGINX_VERSION}.tar.gz && \
    rm nginx-${NGINX_VERSION}.tar.gz

# 编译安装Nginx，启用所需模块
WORKDIR /nginx-${NGINX_VERSION}
RUN ./configure \
    --prefix=/etc/nginx \
    --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
    --modules-path=/usr/lib/nginx/modules \
    --conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
    --error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
    --http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
    --pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
    --lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \
    --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/client_temp \
    --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/proxy_temp \
    --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/fastcgi_temp \
    --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/uwsgi_temp \
    --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/cache/nginx/scgi_temp \
    --user=nginx \
    --group=nginx \
    --with-http_ssl_module \
    --with-http_realip_module \
    --with-http_addition_module \
    --with-http_sub_module \
    --with-http_dav_module \
    --with-http_flv_module \
    --with-http_mp4_module \
    --with-http_gunzip_module \
    --with-http_gzip_static_module \
    --with-http_random_index_module \
    --with-http_secure_link_module \
    --with-http_stub_status_module \
    --with-http_auth_request_module \
    --with-threads \
    --with-stream \
    --with-stream_ssl_module \
    --with-stream_realip_module \
    --with-http_slice_module \
    --with-mail \
    --with-mail_ssl_module \
    --with-compat \
    --with-file-aio \
    --with-http_v2_module \
    # 启用DAV扩展和PAM认证模块
    --with-http_dav_ext_module \
    --with-http_auth_pam_module && \
    make && make install

# 创建Nginx运行用户组
RUN addgroup -S nginx && adduser -S nginx -G nginx

# 清理编译依赖与源码，减小镜像体积
RUN apk del gcc make musl-dev openssl-dev pcre-dev zlib-dev linux-headers davfs2-dev pam-dev && \
    rm -rf /nginx-${NGINX_VERSION} /var/cache/apk/*

# 暴露服务端口
EXPOSE 80 443

# 前台启动Nginx
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Daniel Pomrehn