Hardhat测试中合约转账后账户余额未更新问题咨询

我正在为自研智能合约编写测试用例，为简化说明，合约核心逻辑如下：
说明：我硬编码了转账数值，以明确转出金额。

function withdraw(uint256 tokenId, address to, address owner) external returns (uint256 amount) {
    amount = _positionManager.withdraw(tokenId, owner);
    
    _wrapper.withdraw(amount);
    //(bool success, ) = to.call{value: amount }("");
    (bool success, ) = to.call{value: 100000000000000000 }("");

    // failed transfer...
    require(success, "3FM:FT");
    emit Withdraw(to, amount);
}

我的测试代码如下：

const provider = ethers.getDefaultProvider();
const oldBalance = await provider.getBalance(owner.address);
console.log('Old Balance:' + oldBalance);

await fundManager.withdraw(defaultTokenId, owner.address, owner.address);
const newBalance = await provider.getBalance(owner.address);
const expectedAmount = oldBalance.add(BigNumber.from("100000000000000000"));    

console.log('New Balance:' + newBalance);
expect(newBalance).to.equal(expectedAmount);

控制台显示执行转账后账户新旧余额一致，但合约未抛出异常。我怀疑这与Hardhat运行机制有关，请问如何验证转账是否正常执行？

补充信息：

1. 我已通过将success设为false验证Hardhat配置不会静默失败；
2. 测试日志如下：

Old Balance:276014338387200
New Balance:276014338387200

3. 无论初始存入金额多少，该账户查询余额始终不变，我认为这是Hardhat相关问题。

• 检查合约余额是否充足
  在调用withdraw前后打印合约的ETH余额，确认合约有足够资金完成硬编码的转账：

  const contractOldBalance = await ethers.provider.getBalance(fundManager.address);
  console.log('合约初始余额:', contractOldBalance.toString());
  
  await fundManager.withdraw(defaultTokenId, owner.address, owner.address);
  
  const contractNewBalance = await ethers.provider.getBalance(fundManager.address);
  console.log('合约转账后余额:', contractNewBalance.toString());
  

  若合约余额不足100000000000000000 wei，低版本Solidity中to.call不会触发revert，只会返回success=true，实际转账并未执行。

• 替换为Hardhat内置Provider
  你当前使用的ethers.getDefaultProvider()可能连接到公共测试网，而Hardhat测试默认在本地节点运行，改用内置provider可避免状态读取偏差：

  // 替换原provider定义
  const provider = ethers.provider;
  

  公共provider存在查询延迟，无法实时获取本地链的余额变化。

• 监听Withdraw事件验证执行状态
  合约触发了Withdraw事件，测试中监听该事件确认逻辑是否走到最后一步：

  const tx = await fundManager.withdraw(defaultTokenId, owner.address, owner.address);
  const receipt = await tx.wait();
  
  const withdrawEvent = receipt.events.find(e => e.event === 'Withdraw');
  expect(withdrawEvent.args.to).to.equal(owner.address);
  expect(withdrawEvent.args.amount).to.equal(BigNumber.from("100000000000000000"));
  

  若事件正常触发，说明require(success)已通过，问题大概率出在余额查询环节。

• 检查交易Gas消耗
  正常ETH转账固定消耗约21000 Gas，打印交易Gas使用量可判断转账是否实际执行：

  const tx = await fundManager.withdraw(defaultTokenId, owner.address, owner.address);
  const receipt = await tx.wait();
  console.log('交易Gas消耗:', receipt.gasUsed.toString());
  

  若Gas消耗远低于21000，说明转账逻辑未真正执行。

• 合约内添加自定义日志（临时调试）
  在Solidity合约中添加自定义事件，输出内部状态：

  // 先定义两个自定义事件
  event LogContractBalance(uint256 balance);
  event LogTransferSuccess(bool success);
  
  function withdraw(uint256 tokenId, address to, address owner) external returns (uint256 amount) {
      amount = _positionManager.withdraw(tokenId, owner);
      
      _wrapper.withdraw(amount);
      
      emit LogContractBalance(address(this).balance);
      
      (bool success, ) = to.call{value: 100000000000000000 }("");
      emit LogTransferSuccess(success);
      
      require(success, "3FM:FT");
      emit Withdraw(to, amount);
  }
  

  测试中监听这些事件，直接获取合约内部的余额和转账结果，定位问题更精准。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ritzy Dev