Ventura系统安装therubyracer报错：无法获取c++编译器版本字符串

报错信息 #

Fetching therubyracer-0.12.0.gem
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing therubyracer:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

current directory: /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8
/Users/sidmallik/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.6/bin/ruby -I /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.6.6/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.6.0 -r ./siteconf20230417-13868-1rqlxz3.rb extconf.rb
creating Makefile
/Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/compiler.rb:44:in `version_string_of': Could not get version string of compiler c++ (RuntimeError)
from /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/compiler.rb:32:in `type_of'
from /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/compiler.rb:28:in `block in available_compilers'
from /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/compiler.rb:28:in `map'
from /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/compiler.rb:28:in `available_compilers'
from /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/builder.rb:108:in `choose_compiler'
from /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/builder.rb:16:in `initialize'
from /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:23:in `new'
from /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19/ext/libv8/location.rb:23:in `install!'
from extconf.rb:7:in `<main>'

extconf failed, exit code 1

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/gems/libv8-3.16.14.19 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/sidmallik/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.6.6@emailmarketing/extensions/x86_64-darwin-19/2.6.0/libv8-3.16.14.19/gem_make.out

已执行的前置操作 #

• gem uninstall libv8
• brew install v8

环境信息 #

• 系统：Ventura
• Ruby版本：2.6.6（通过rvm管理）

解决方法 #

方法1：指定兼容编译器 #

旧版libv8无法识别Ventura自带的新版clang，需指定低版本兼容编译器：

1. 安装llvm@11：

   brew install llvm@11
   

2. 设置环境变量指向该编译器：

   export CC=/usr/local/opt/llvm@11/bin/clang
   export CXX=/usr/local/opt/llvm@11/bin/clang++
   

3. 重新安装依赖：

   gem install libv8 -v 3.16.14.19 -- --with-system-v8
   gem install therubyracer -v 0.12.0
   

方法2：通过Bundler配置（适用于Gemfile项目） #

1. 安装对应版本的v8：

   brew install v8@3.16
   

2. 在Gemfile中添加：

   gem 'libv8', '3.16.14.19', platforms: :ruby, require: false
   gem 'therubyracer', '0.12.0', platforms: :ruby
   

3. 配置bundler构建参数：

   bundle config build.libv8 --with-system-v8
   bundle config build.therubyracer --with-v8-dir=$(brew --prefix v8@3.16)
   bundle install
   

方法3：升级Ruby版本（可选） #

Ruby 2.6.6与Ventura兼容性有限，升级到2.7+版本可规避部分编译器兼容问题：

rvm install 2.7.8
rvm use 2.7.8@your_gemset
gem install therubyracer

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者sid297