Spring Security 5 & OAuth2配置：令牌校验请求缺失token参数致400错误

我的应用接收第三方应用携带Bearer Token的Authorization头请求，需要通过授权服务器校验令牌。但当前发送的校验请求未携带服务器要求的token参数，导致400 Bad Request错误。

• 当前校验请求：GET https://myApp.com/connect/tokenValidation
• 期望校验请求：GET https://myApp.com/connect/tokenValidation?token=eySomething

以下是我的配置代码及相关日志：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
public class ResourceServerConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain oAuth2filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {

        http
            .requestMatchers()
            .antMatchers("/api/**", "/rest/**")
                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .anyRequest()
                .authenticated()
                .and()
            .sessionManagement()
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                .and()
            .oauth2ResourceServer()
                .jwt();

        return http.build();
    }

    @Bean
    public JwtDecoder jwtDecoder() {

        NimbusJwtDecoder jwtDecoder = NimbusJwtDecoder
                .withJwkSetUri("https://myApp.com/connect/tokenValidation")
                .jwtProcessorCustomizer(jwtProcessor -> jwtProcessor.setJWSTypeVerifier(
                        new DefaultJOSEObjectTypeVerifier<>(new JOSEObjectType("at+jwt"))))
                .build();

        return jwtDecoder;
    }

}

相关日志：

org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationServiceException: An error occurred while attempting to decode the Jwt: 
Couldn't retrieve remote JWK set: org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException$BadRequest: 400 Bad Request: ""token is missing""
    at org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtAuthenticationProvider.getJwt(JwtAuthenticationProvider.java:104) ~[spring-security-oauth2-resource-server-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtAuthenticationProvider.authenticate(JwtAuthenticationProvider.java:88) ~[spring-security-oauth2-resource-server-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.authentication.ProviderManager.authenticate(ProviderManager.java:182) ~[spring-security-core-5.7.5.jar:5.7.5]
    at org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.web.BearerTokenAuthenticationFilter.doFilterInternal(BearerTokenAuthenticationFilter.java:134) ~[spring-security-oauth2-resource-server-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) ~[spring-web-5.3.21.jar:5.3.21]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:103) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:89) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CsrfFilter.doFilterInternal(CsrfFilter.java:117) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) ~[spring-web-5.3.21.jar:5.3.21]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doHeadersAfter(HeaderWriterFilter.java:90) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doFilterInternal(HeaderWriterFilter.java:75) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) ~[spring-web-5.3.21.jar:5.3.21]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:112) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:82) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:55) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) ~[spring-web-5.3.21.jar:5.3.21]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.session.DisableEncodeUrlFilter.doFilterInternal(DisableEncodeUrlFilter.java:42) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:117) ~[spring-web-5.3.21.jar:5.3.21]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:336) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:211) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:183) ~[spring-security-web-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:189) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:162) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:197) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:97) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:541) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:135) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:92) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.AbstractAccessLogValve.invoke(AbstractAccessLogValve.java:687) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:78) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:360) ~[catalina.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:399) ~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:65) ~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:890) ~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1787) ~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49) ~[tomcat-coyote.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1191) ~[tomcat-util.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:659) ~[tomcat-util.jar:9.0.64]
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61) ~[tomcat-util.jar:9.0.64]
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:829) ~[?:?]
Caused by: org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.JwtException: An error occurred while attempting to decode the Jwt: Couldn't retrieve remote JWK set: org.springframework.web.client.HttpClientErrorException$BadRequest: 400 Bad Request: ""token is missing""
    at org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.NimbusJwtDecoder.createJwt(NimbusJwtDecoder.java:169) ~[spring-security-oauth2-jose-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.oauth2.jwt.NimbusJwtDecoder.decode(NimbusJwtDecoder.java:137) ~[spring-security-oauth2-jose-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    at org.springframework.security.oauth2.server.resource.authentication.JwtAuthenticationProvider.getJwt(JwtAuthenticationProvider.java:97) ~[spring-security-oauth2-resource-server-5.7.2.jar:5.7.2]
    ... 45 more

你当前的核心问题是误用了withJwkSetUri——这个方法是用来从指定地址获取JWKS密钥集（用于本地验证JWT签名）的，默认不会携带任何token参数。而你的授权服务器要求必须通过URL参数token来校验令牌，所以需要完全自定义JwtDecoder的实现，手动调用授权服务器的校验接口并传递token参数。

修改后的配置如下：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true, prePostEnabled = true)
public class ResourceServerConfiguration {

    private final RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
    private static final String VALIDATION_URL = "https://myApp.com/connect/tokenValidation?token={token}";

    @Bean
    public SecurityFilterChain oAuth2filterChain(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http
            .requestMatchers()
            .antMatchers("/api/**", "/rest/**")
                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .anyRequest()
                .authenticated()
                .and()
            .sessionManagement()
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                .and()
            .oauth2ResourceServer()
                .jwt()
                .decoder(jwtDecoder());

        return http.build();
    }

    @Bean
    public JwtDecoder jwtDecoder() {
        return token -> {
            // 调用授权服务器校验token，自动填充token参数到URL
            ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.getForEntity(VALIDATION_URL, String.class, token);
            
            if (!response.getStatusCode().is2xxSuccessful()) {
                throw new JwtException("Token validation failed with status: " + response.getStatusCode());
            }

            // 根据授权服务器的实际返回结构调整Jwt对象构建逻辑
            // 示例1：如果返回完整JWT字符串，可直接解析
            // return NimbusJwtDecoder.withJwtProcessor(new DefaultJWTProcessor<>()).build().decode(response.getBody());
            
            // 示例2：如果返回自定义用户信息，手动构建Jwt
            return Jwt.withTokenValue(token)
                    .claims(claims -> {
                        // 这里替换为从响应体提取实际claims的逻辑
                        // 比如用ObjectMapper解析响应为Map后放入claims
                    })
                    .build();
        };
    }
}

关键说明 #

• VALIDATION_URL中的{token}是RestTemplate的占位符，调用时会自动替换为待校验的token值，生成符合要求的请求格式。
• 需根据授权服务器的返回结构调整Jwt对象的构建逻辑：
  • 若验证通过后返回完整JWT字符串，可复用NimbusJwtDecoder解析该字符串。
  • 若返回自定义的用户信息、权限等，需手动解析响应体并填充到Jwt的claims中。
• 可扩展异常处理逻辑，针对401、403等状态码抛出对应认证异常，让Spring Security正确处理认证失败场景。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mr P