Rails5旧项目bundle更新/安装失败及Ruby版本安装报错求助

问题1：ovirt-engine-sdk 4.4.1原生扩展构建失败 #

运行bundle update或单独执行gem install ovirt-engine-sdk -v '4.4.1'时，报错error: use of undeclared identifier 'rb_cData'，完整日志如下：

gem install ovirt-engine-sdk -v '4.4.1' --source 'https://rubygems.org/'                                          [(3.2.2)]
Building native extensions. This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing ovirt-engine-sdk:
    ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.

    current directory: /Users/nelly/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/ovirt-engine-sdk-4.4.1/ext/ovirtsdk4c
/Users/nelly/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for xml2-config... yes
checking for curl-config... yes
creating Makefile

current directory: /Users/nelly/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/ovirt-engine-sdk-4.4.1/ext/ovirtsdk4c
make DESTDIR\= sitearchdir\=./.gem.20230416-42051-ofowhj sitelibdir\=./.gem.20230416-42051-ofowhj clean

current directory: /Users/nelly/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/ovirt-engine-sdk-4.4.1/ext/ovirtsdk4c
make DESTDIR\= sitearchdir\=./.gem.20230416-42051-ofowhj sitelibdir\=./.gem.20230416-42051-ofowhj
compiling ov_error.c
compiling ov_http_client.c
ov_http_client.c:216:29: warning: excess elements in array initializer [-Wexcess-initializers]
        .reserved = { NULL, NULL }
                            ^~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/stddef.h:89:16: note: expanded from macro 'NULL'
#  define NULL ((void*)0)
               ^~~~~~~~~~
ov_http_client.c:272:39: warning: implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'unsigned long' to 'int' [-Wshorten-64-to-32]
    count = INT2NUM(context_ptr->size * context_ptr->nmemb);
            ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ov_http_client.c:392:33: warning: comparison of integers of different signs: 'long' and 'size_t' (aka 'unsigned long') [-Wsign-compare]
        while (pointer - buffer < length && isspace(*pointer)) {
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^ ~~~~~~
ov_http_client.c:651:18: warning: implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'long' to 'int' [-Wshorten-64-to-32]
    ptr->limit = connections;
               ~ ^~~~~~~~~~~
ov_http_client.c:845:71: warning: implicit conversion loses integer precision: 'long' to 'int' [-Wshorten-64-to-32]
    context_ptr->code = curl_multi_wait(context_ptr->handle, NULL, 0, timeout, NULL);
                        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~                               ^~~~~~~
ov_http_client.c:1001:47: warning: incompatible function pointer types passing 'int (VALUE, VALUE, struct curl_slist **)' (aka 'int (unsigned long, unsigned long, struct curl_slist **)') to parameter of type 'int (*)(VALUE, VALUE, VALUE)' (aka 'int (*)(unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long)') [-Wincompatible-function-pointer-types]
        rb_hash_foreach(request_ptr->headers, ov_http_client_add_header, (VALUE) headers);
                                              ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
/Users/nelly/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/include/ruby-3.2.0/ruby/internal/intern/hash.h:83:40: note: passing argument to parameter 'func' here
void rb_hash_foreach(VALUE hash, int (*func)(VALUE key, VALUE val, VALUE arg), VALUE arg);
                                       ^
ov_http_client.c:1092:34: warning: comparison of integers of different signs: 'size_t' (aka 'unsigned long') and 'int' [-Wsign-compare]
    if (RHASH_SIZE(ptr->pending) < ptr->limit) {
        ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^ ~~~~~~~~~~
ov_http_client.c:1118:71: warning: comparison of integers of different signs: 'size_t' (aka 'unsigned long') and 'int' [-Wsign-compare]
        while (RARRAY_LEN(ptr->queue) > 0 && RHASH_SIZE(ptr->pending) < ptr->limit) {
                                             ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ^ ~~~~~~~~~~
8 warnings generated.
compiling ov_http_request.c
ov_http_request.c:75:29: warning: excess elements in array initializer [-Wexcess-initializers]
        .reserved = { NULL, NULL }
                            ^~~~
/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/lib/clang/14.0.0/include/stddef.h:89:16: note: expanded from macro 'NULL'
#  define NULL ((void*)0)
               ^~~~~~~~~~
ov_http_request.c:347:77: error: use of undeclared identifier 'rb_cData'
    ov_http_request_class = rb_define_class_under(ov_module, "HttpRequest", rb_cData);
                                                                            ^
1 warning and 1 error generated.
make: *** [ov_http_request.o] Error 1

make failed, exit code 2

Gem files will remain installed in /Users/nelly/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/gems/ovirt-engine-sdk-4.4.1 for inspection.
Results logged to /Users/nelly/.rbenv/versions/3.2.2/lib/ruby/gems/3.2.0/extensions/arm64-darwin-21/3.2.0/ovirt-engine-sdk-4.4.1/gem_make.out

原因及解决办法 #

rb_cData是Ruby 2.x的内置常量，Ruby 3.0+已移除该定义，改用rb_cObject替代。ovirt-engine-sdk 4.4.1未适配Ruby 3.x，有两种解决路径：

• 降级Ruby到2.7.x版本（Rails 5.2支持的最高Ruby版本）；
• 升级ovirt-engine-sdk到4.5.0及以上版本（该版本已修复Ruby 3.x兼容性问题），修改Gemfile中版本号为gem 'ovirt-engine-sdk', '>= 4.5.0'后重新执行bundle install。

问题2：minitest-5.13.0与Ruby 3.2.2版本不兼容 #

运行bundle install时提示：minitest-5.13.0 requires ruby version ~> 2.2, which is incompatible with the current version, ruby 3.2.2p53

原因及解决办法 #

minitest-5.13.0的版本约束仅支持Ruby 2.2~2.7，Ruby 3.x需要更高版本的minitest。解决步骤：

1. 修改Gemfile，添加gem 'minitest', '>= 5.16.0'（该版本兼容Ruby 3.x）；
2. 执行bundle update minitest更新依赖；
3. 重新运行bundle install。

或者直接降级Ruby到2.7.x，保持minitest-5.13.0版本正常使用。

问题3：安装Ruby 2.4.4时构建失败 #

执行rbenv install 2.4.4报错：error: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_closure' is invalid in C99，完整日志如下：

rbenv install 2.4.4                                                        [(3.2.2)]
To follow progress, use 'tail -f /var/folders/bh/wbvn20493_s066frg6c2wwx00000gn/T/ruby-build.20230426171026.41848.log' or pass --verbose
Downloading openssl-1.1.1t.tar.gz...
-> https://dqw8nmjcqpjn7.cloudfront.net/8dee9b24bdb1dcbf0c3d1e9b02fb8f6bf22165e807f45adeb7c9677536859d3b
Installing openssl-1.1.1t...
Installed openssl-1.1.1t to /Users/nelly/.rbenv/versions/2.4.4

Downloading ruby-2.4.4.tar.bz2...
-> https://cache.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/2.4/ruby-2.4.4.tar.bz2
Installing ruby-2.4.4...

WARNING: ruby-2.4.4 is past its end of life and is now unsupported.
It no longer receives bug fixes or critical security updates.

ruby-build: using readline from homebrew
ruby-build: using libyaml from homebrew

BUILD FAILED (macOS 12.6.5 using ruby-build 20230330)

Inspect or clean up the working tree at /var/folders/bh/wbvn20493_s066frg6c2wwx00000gn/T/ruby-build.20230426171026.41848.J8bKnO
Results logged to /var/folders/bh/wbvn20493_s066frg6c2wwx00000gn/T/ruby-build.20230426171026.41848.log

Last 10 log lines:
../.././include/ruby/ruby.h:1753:56: note: expanded from macro 'rb_intern'
        __extension__ (RUBY_CONST_ID_CACHE((ID), (str))) : \
                                                       ^
closure.c:263:14: error: implicit declaration of function 'ffi_prep_closure' is invalid in C99 [-Werror,-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
    result = ffi_prep_closure(pcl, cif, callback, (void *)self);
             ^
6 warnings and 1 error generated.
make[2]: *** [closure.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [ext/fiddle/all] Error 2
make: *** [build-ext] Error 2

原因及解决办法 #

Ruby 2.4.4与新版macOS（12.6.5）的libffi库不兼容，ffi_prep_closure函数的声明在新版libffi中已变更。解决办法：

• 安装旧版本libffi：brew install libffi@3.3；
• 指定libffi路径安装Ruby：

RUBY_CONFIGURE_OPTS="--with-libffi-dir=$(brew --prefix libffi@3.3)" rbenv install 2.4.4

• 更推荐的方案：放弃Ruby 2.4.4，改用Ruby 2.7.x（Rails 5.2支持的最高版本，兼容性更好，且仍有安全更新支持）。

项目Gemfile参考 #

source 'https://rubygems.org'

ruby '3.2.2'

gem 'bootsnap', require: false
gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.0'
gem 'puma'
gem 'rails', '5.2.1'
gem 'redis'

gem 'autoprefixer-rails'
gem 'bootstrap', '~> 4.1.3'
gem 'sprockets-rails', :require => 'sprockets/railtie'
gem 'font-awesome-sass', '~> 5.0.9'
gem 'sass-rails', '>= 3.2'
gem 'simple_form'
gem 'uglifier'
gem 'webpacker'
gem 'jquery-rails'

gem 'mail_form'
gem 'meta-tags'

gem 'devise' 

gem 'fog'
gem 'carrierwave', '~> 1.2', '>= 1.2.3'
#gem 'mimemagic'
gem 'file_validators'

gem 'react-rails'

gem 'photoswipe-rails'
gem 'faker', '~> 1.9', '>= 1.9.1'


gem 'geocoder'

gem "recaptcha", require: "recaptcha/rails"
gem 'sitemap_generator'

group :development do
  gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0'
  #gem 'pg', '~> 1.4', '>= 1.4.6'

end

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails', '~> 3.7'
  gem 'launchy'
  gem "chromedriver-helper"
  gem 'selenium-webdriver'
  gem 'database_cleaner'
  gem 'shoulda-matchers', '~> 3.1'
  gem 'capybara'
  #gem 'capybara-webkit'
  gem 'rails-controller-testing'
  gem 'pry-byebug'
  gem 'pry-rails'
  gem 'listen', '~> 3.0.5'
  gem 'spring'
  gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0'
  gem 'dotenv-rails'
end

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者marie