升级Android Studio至Flamingo后kotlin-kapt插件引发JVM版本兼容错误

问题背景 #

将Android Studio从Electric Eel版本升级到Flamingo版本后，使用id 'kotlin-kapt'插件时出现编译错误：任务:app:kaptGenerateStubsDebugKotlin执行失败，提示compileDebugJavaWithJavac任务的JVM目标版本为1.8，而kaptGenerateStubsDebugKotlin任务的目标版本为17，二者JVM版本不兼容。注释掉kotlin-kapt插件错误会消失，但无法使用Room、Dagger、Hilt等注解处理器。

错误堆栈 #

Execution failed for task ':app:kaptGenerateStubsDebugKotlin'.
> 'compileDebugJavaWithJavac' task (current target is 1.8) and 'kaptGenerateStubsDebugKotlin' task (current target is 17) jvm target compatibility should be set to the same Java version.
  Consider using JVM toolchain: https://kotl.in/gradle/jvm/toolchain

* Try:
> Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.
> Run with --scan to get full insights.

* Exception is:
org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskExecutionException: Execution failed for task ':app:kaptGenerateStubsDebugKotlin'.
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.lambda$executeIfValid$1(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:149)
    ...（省略部分堆栈内容）
Caused by: org.gradle.api.GradleException: 'compileDebugJavaWithJavac' task (current target is 1.8) and 'kaptGenerateStubsDebugKotlin' task (current target is 17) jvm target compatibility should be set to the same Java version.
Consider using JVM toolchain: https://kotl.in/gradle/jvm/toolchain
    ...（省略部分堆栈内容）

项目build.gradle配置 #

plugins {
    id 'com.android.application'
    id 'org.jetbrains.kotlin.android'
    id 'kotlin-kapt'
    id 'com.google.dagger.hilt.android'
}

android {
    namespace 'com.example.dnddavanok'
    compileSdk 33
    kotlin {
        jvmToolchain(17)
    }

    defaultConfig {
        applicationId "com.example.dnddavanok"
        minSdk 26
        targetSdk 33
        versionCode 1
        versionName "1.0"

        testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            minifyEnabled false
            proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile('proguard-android-optimize.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro'
        }
    }
    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
        targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_1_8
    }
    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = '1.8'
    }
    buildFeatures{
        viewBinding true
    }
}
kapt{
    correctErrorTypes = true
}
dependencies {
    implementation 'org.jetbrains.kotlinx:kotlinx-coroutines-android:1.6.4'

    implementation 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android:2.45'
    implementation 'com.google.dagger:dagger:2.45'
    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.10.0'
    kapt 'com.google.dagger:hilt-android-compiler:2.45'
    kapt 'com.google.dagger:dagger-compiler:2.45'

    implementation 'androidx.room:room-common:2.5.1'
    implementation 'androidx.room:room-runtime:2.5.1'
    implementation "androidx.room:room-ktx:2.5.1"
    kapt "androidx.room:room-compiler:2.5.1"
    annotationProcessor 'androidx.room:room-compiler:2.5.1'

    implementation 'androidx.navigation:navigation-fragment-ktx:2.5.3'
    implementation 'androidx.navigation:navigation-ui-ktx:2.5.3'

    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-livedata-ktx:2.6.1'
    implementation 'androidx.lifecycle:lifecycle-viewmodel-ktx:2.6.1'

    implementation 'androidx.fragment:fragment-ktx:1.5.6'

    implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.10.0'
    implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.6.1'
    implementation 'com.google.android.material:material:1.8.0'
    implementation 'androidx.constraintlayout:constraintlayout:2.1.4'
    testImplementation 'junit:junit:4.13.2'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.ext:junit:1.1.5'
    androidTestImplementation 'androidx.test.espresso:espresso-core:3.5.1'
}

解决方案 #

问题根源是同时配置了kotlin.jvmToolchain(17)和kotlinOptions.jvmTarget = '1.8'，导致Kotlin与Java编译任务的JVM版本不一致，升级到Flamingo后该冲突被严格校验。提供两种解决方式：

方式一：统一升级到JDK 17（推荐）

既然已配置jvmToolchain(17)，直接同步Java编译选项到17：
修改compileOptions部分：

compileOptions {
    sourceCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    targetCompatibility JavaVersion.VERSION_17
}

同时可删除kotlinOptions中的jvmTarget配置，因为jvmToolchain会自动同步该参数，避免重复配置。

方式二：统一回退到JDK 8

若暂时不想升级JDK，删除kotlin.jvmToolchain(17)配置，保留kotlinOptions.jvmTarget = '1.8'和compileOptions的1.8配置，确保所有任务的JVM版本统一为1.8。

额外优化：依赖中同时使用了kapt "androidx.room:room-compiler:2.5.1"和annotationProcessor 'androidx.room:room-compiler:2.5.1'，Kotlin项目只需保留kapt一行，删除annotationProcessor配置以避免冗余。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Davanok