运行OptaPlanner混合VRP示例代码触发IllegalStateException求助

开发类似项目时参考了OptaPlanner混合VRP实验代码，运行过程中触发IllegalStateException，异常堆栈跟踪如下：

Exception in thread "AWT-EventQueue-0" java.lang.IllegalStateException: Solving failed.
    at org.optaplanner.examples.common.swingui.SolverAndPersistenceFrame$SolveWorker.done(SolverAndPersistenceFrame.java:381)
    at java.desktop/javax.swing.SwingWorker$5.run(SwingWorker.java:750)
    at java.desktop/javax.swing.SwingWorker$DoSubmitAccumulativeRunnable.run(SwingWorker.java:848)
    at java.desktop/sun.swing.AccumulativeRunnable.run(AccumulativeRunnable.java:112)
    at java.desktop/javax.swing.SwingWorker$DoSubmitAccumulativeRunnable.actionPerformed(SwingWorker.java:858)
    at java.desktop/javax.swing.Timer.fireActionPerformed(Timer.java:311)
    at java.desktop/javax.swing.Timer$DoPostEvent.run(Timer.java:243)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.event.InvocationEvent.dispatch(InvocationEvent.java:318)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEventImpl(EventQueue.java:773)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventQueue$4.run(EventQueue.java:720)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventQueue$4.run(EventQueue.java:714)
    at java.base/java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(AccessController.java:400)
    at java.base/java.security.ProtectionDomain$JavaSecurityAccessImpl.doIntersectionPrivilege(ProtectionDomain.java:87)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventQueue.dispatchEvent(EventQueue.java:742)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpOneEventForFilters(EventDispatchThread.java:203)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForFilter(EventDispatchThread.java:124)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEventsForHierarchy(EventDispatchThread.java:113)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:109)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.pumpEvents(EventDispatchThread.java:101)
    at java.desktop/java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:90)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: The entity (Visit-18) has a variable (previousStandstill) with value (Visit-25) which has a sourceVariableName variable (nextVisit) with a value (Visit-12) which is not null.
Verify the consistency of your input problem for that sourceVariableName variable.
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.domain.variable.inverserelation.SingletonInverseVariableListener.insert(SingletonInverseVariableListener.java:74)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.domain.variable.inverserelation.SingletonInverseVariableListener.afterVariableChanged(SingletonInverseVariableListener.java:53)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.domain.variable.listener.support.VariableListenerSupport.triggerVariableListenersInNotificationQueues(VariableListenerSupport.java:214)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.score.director.AbstractScoreDirector.triggerVariableListeners(AbstractScoreDirector.java:295)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.heuristic.move.AbstractMove.doMove(AbstractMove.java:37)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.heuristic.move.AbstractMove.doMove(AbstractMove.java:31)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.heuristic.move.CompositeMove.doMove(CompositeMove.java:109)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.heuristic.move.CompositeMove.doMove(CompositeMove.java:38)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.score.director.AbstractScoreDirector.doAndProcessMove(AbstractScoreDirector.java:223)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.localsearch.decider.LocalSearchDecider.doMove(LocalSearchDecider.java:133)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.localsearch.decider.LocalSearchDecider.decideNextStep(LocalSearchDecider.java:117)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.localsearch.DefaultLocalSearchPhase.solve(DefaultLocalSearchPhase.java:71)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.solver.AbstractSolver.runPhases(AbstractSolver.java:99)
    at org.optaplanner.core.impl.solver.DefaultSolver.solve(DefaultSolver.java:160)
    at org.optaplanner.examples.common.business.SolutionBusiness.solve(SolutionBusiness.java:344)
    at org.optaplanner.examples.common.swingui.SolverAndPersistenceFrame$SolveWorker.doInBackground(SolverAndPersistenceFrame.java:369)
    at java.desktop/javax.swing.SwingWorker$1.call(SwingWorker.java:304)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:317)
    at java.desktop/javax.swing.SwingWorker.run(SwingWorker.java:343)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1144)
    at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:642)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1623)

异常根因分析 #

核心错误信息表明：实体Visit-18的previousStandstill变量指向Visit-25，但Visit-25的nextVisit变量却指向Visit-12而非Visit-18。这说明路由节点的双向关联变量一致性被破坏，OptaPlanner无法维护这种矛盾的引用关系，从而抛出异常。

排查步骤 #

• 检查初始解构建逻辑：确保初始化问题时，所有Visit的previousStandstill与对应Standstill的nextVisit双向匹配。比如若A的previousStandstill是B，则B的nextVisit必须是A，不能出现指向第三方的情况。
• 审查自定义Move实现：如果项目中自定义了路由修改的移动操作，需保证每次修改previousStandstill时，同步更新对应节点的nextVisit，反之亦然。OptaPlanner内置移动会自动维护关联，但自定义移动容易忽略双向同步。
• 检查自定义VariableListener：若存在自定义的VariableListener，确认其未错误修改关联变量的指向，导致双向引用不一致。
• 启用OptaPlanner断言：在开发环境中添加JVM参数-ea开启断言，可更早发现变量一致性问题，帮助定位初始化或移动操作中的错误。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vasavi Bodala