从Ubuntu20升级到22.04后交叉编译失败，求助解决方案

问题场景 #

在Ubuntu 20.04系统中，使用arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++配合QT Creator中为设备定制编译的Qt 5.12.3工具链进行交叉编译完全正常。但升级到Ubuntu 22.04后出现交叉编译失败，链接器输出如下错误：

/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '_dl_make_stack_executable@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_dlclose@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/librt.so.1: undefined reference to '__libc_dlopen_mode@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_longjmp@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_dl_error_tsd@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_vfork@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_allocate_rtsig_private@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/librt.so.1: undefined reference to '__clock_getres@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_thread_freeres@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/librt.so.1: undefined reference to '__clock_getcpuclockid@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so.2: undefined reference to '_dl_addr@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_pthread_init@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_current_sigrtmin_private@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so.2: undefined reference to '_dl_sym@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/librt.so.1: undefined reference to '__clock_nanosleep@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/librt.so.1: undefined reference to '__libc_dlsym@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libpthread.so.0: undefined reference to '__libc_current_sigrtmax_private@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/libdl.so.2: undefined reference to '_dl_vsym@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
/usr/lib/gcc-cross/arm-linux-gnueabihf/11/../../../../arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin/ld: /home/asianirish/img/armbian/lib/arm-linux-gnueabihf/librt.so.1: undefined reference to '__clock_settime@GLIBC_PRIVATE'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

（Sysroot路径：/home/asianirish/img/armbian）

问题原因 #

这是交叉编译器与sysroot中GLIBC版本不兼容导致的：

• Ubuntu 20.04自带的arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc是9.x版本，其依赖的GLIBC内部符号与你sysroot中Armbian系统的GLIBC版本匹配；
• 升级到Ubuntu 22.04后，交叉编译器版本升级到11.x，对应的GLIBC内部符号（即报错中的GLIBC_PRIVATE标记符号）发生了变化，而你sysroot中的GLIBC库版本较低，没有这些新的内部符号，因此链接器无法找到对应的定义，出现未引用错误。

解决方法 #

方法一：降级交叉编译器版本 #

安装Ubuntu 20.04（Focal）版本的交叉编译工具链，确保与原sysroot的GLIBC版本兼容：

# 添加Focal版本的Ubuntu源
echo "deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal main universe" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/focal.list
sudo apt update
# 安装9.x版本的交叉编译工具
sudo apt install gcc-9-arm-linux-gnueabihf g++-9-arm-linux-gnueabihf
# 设置默认使用9.x版本的交叉编译器
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc-9 100
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++ /usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++-9 100

方法二：更新sysroot中的GLIBC库 #

替换sysroot（/home/asianirish/img/armbian）内的GLIBC相关库（如libc.so.6、libpthread.so.0等）为与Ubuntu 22.04交叉编译器匹配的版本，或者直接下载对应版本的Armbian系统镜像重新生成sysroot。注意替换时要保证库版本完全兼容，避免运行时出现兼容性问题。

方法三：使用独立交叉工具链 #

自行编译与Ubuntu 20.04版本一致的交叉工具链，或者使用crosstool-ng构建独立的工具链，与系统自带工具链隔离，保持编译环境与之前完全一致。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者asianirish