VS2022扩展开发：如何定制Solution Explorer中文件的UI？

1. 获取Solution Explorer的UI Hierarchy实例 #

在新版Visual Studio（2019+）中，需通过AsyncPackage结合VS内置服务获取：

• 在Package类中注入SVsSolutionExplorer服务实例
• 调用IVsUIHierarchyWindow.GetUIHierarchy方法拿到层级对象
  代码示例：

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Interop;

[PackageRegistration(UseManagedResourcesOnly = true, AllowsBackgroundLoading = true)]
public class MyCustomPackage : AsyncPackage
{
    protected override async System.Threading.Tasks.Task InitializeAsync(System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken, IProgress<ServiceProgressData> progress)
    {
        await base.InitializeAsync(cancellationToken, progress);
        var solutionExplorerWindow = await GetServiceAsync(typeof(SVsSolutionExplorer)) as IVsUIHierarchyWindow;
        if (solutionExplorerWindow != null)
        {
            solutionExplorerWindow.GetUIHierarchy(out IVsUIHierarchy hierarchy);
            // 此处的hierarchy即为Solution Explorer的UI层级实例
        }
    }
}

2. 修改文件显示颜色 #

通过MEF导出IVsHierarchyItemCustomizer接口实现样式自定义：

• 创建实现IVsHierarchyItemCustomizer的类，用[Export(typeof(IVsHierarchyItemCustomizer))]标记
• 在GetHierarchyItemAttributes方法中，根据正则匹配结果设置前景色属性
  代码示例：

using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Interop;
using System.ComponentModel.Composition;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

[Export(typeof(IVsHierarchyItemCustomizer))]
[PartCreationPolicy(CreationPolicy.Shared)]
public class FileColorCustomizer : IVsHierarchyItemCustomizer
{
    private readonly Regex _invalidNameRegex = new Regex(@"^Invalid.*\.cs$", RegexOptions.Compiled);

    public void GetHierarchyItemAttributes(IVsHierarchyItemIdentity itemIdentity, IList<HierarchyItemAttribute> attributes)
    {
        if (itemIdentity.IsFile)
        {
            string fileName = System.IO.Path.GetFileName(itemIdentity.FullPath);
            if (_invalidNameRegex.IsMatch(fileName))
            {
                attributes.Add(new HierarchyItemAttribute(ItemAttributeNames.ForegroundColor, "#FFE53935")); // 红色高亮违规文件
            }
        }
    }
}

注意：需确保项目引用Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.XX.X和Microsoft.VisualStudio.CoreUtility，并启用MEF组合。

3. 为文件添加上下文菜单 #

通过命令表(.vsct)和命令处理逻辑实现：

1. 定义命令表：在.vsct文件中新增菜单组，将命令绑定到Solution Explorer的文件上下文菜单

<CommandTable xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/2005-10-18/CommandTable">
  <Commands package="guidMyCustomPackage">
    <Groups>
      <Group guid="guidMyCustomPackageCmdSet" id="MyFileMenuGroup" priority="0x0600">
        <Parent guid="guidSHLMainMenu" id="IDM_VS_CTXT_ITEMNODE"/>
      </Group>
    </Groups>
    <Buttons>
      <Button guid="guidMyCustomPackageCmdSet" id="MyCustomCommandId" priority="0x0100" type="Button">
        <Parent guid="guidMyCustomPackageCmdSet" id="MyFileMenuGroup"/>
        <Strings>
          <ButtonText>修复命名违规</ButtonText>
        </Strings>
      </Button>
    </Buttons>
  </Commands>
  <Symbols>
    <GuidSymbol name="guidMyCustomPackageCmdSet" value="{你的命令集GUID}"/>
    <GuidSymbol name="guidMyCustomPackage" value="{你的Package GUID}"/>
    <IDSymbol name="MyFileMenuGroup" value="0x1020"/>
    <IDSymbol name="MyCustomCommandId" value="0x0100"/>
  </Symbols>
</CommandTable>

2. 注册命令处理：在Package中获取OleMenuCommandService，注册命令并添加逻辑

using System.ComponentModel.Design;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell;

protected override async System.Threading.Tasks.Task InitializeAsync(System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken, IProgress<ServiceProgressData> progress)
{
    await base.InitializeAsync(cancellationToken, progress);
    var commandService = await GetServiceAsync(typeof(IMenuCommandService)) as OleMenuCommandService;
    if (commandService != null)
    {
        var commandId = new CommandID(Guid.Parse("你的命令集GUID"), 0x0100);
        var menuCommand = new OleMenuCommand(OnCustomCommandExecute, commandId);
        menuCommand.BeforeQueryStatus += OnCustomCommandBeforeQueryStatus;
        commandService.AddCommand(menuCommand);
    }
}

private void OnCustomCommandBeforeQueryStatus(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    var menuCommand = sender as OleMenuCommand;
    if (menuCommand == null) return;

    // 根据正则匹配结果控制命令可见性
    var selectedItems = GetSelectedSolutionExplorerItems();
    menuCommand.Visible = selectedItems.Any(item => 
        _invalidNameRegex.IsMatch(System.IO.Path.GetFileName(item.FullPath)));
}

private void OnCustomCommandExecute(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // 此处添加自定义逻辑，比如自动重命名文件
}

private IEnumerable<IVsHierarchyItem> GetSelectedSolutionExplorerItems()
{
    // 通过IVsMonitorSelection服务获取选中项，实现逻辑略
}

注：获取选中项可借助IVsMonitorSelection服务，结合IVsMultiItemSelect遍历选中的层级项。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者David Cummins