在Ubuntu 22.04中使用pip安装Twisted失败的问题求助

问题重现 #

执行以下步骤后，Twisted安装失败：

• apt-get install python2.7
• curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/2.7/get-pip.py --output get-pip.py && python2.7 get-pip.py
• pip install twisted

错误日志核心内容：

Downloading Twisted-20.3.0.tar.bz2 (3.1 MB)
#11 18.36     ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
#11 18.36      command: /usr/bin/python2.7 -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-MIySwm/twisted/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-MIySwm/twisted/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'
'"'"', '"'"'
'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' egg_info --egg-base /tmp/pip-pip-egg-info-ljazb4
#11 18.36          cwd: /tmp/pip-install-MIySwm/twisted/
#11 18.36     Complete output (24 lines):
#11 18.36     弃用提示：Python 2.7已于2020年1月1日停止维护，请升级Python版本。pip 21.0将在2021年1月停止支持Python 2.7。更多详情请查看：https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support pip 21.0将移除对此功能的支持。
#11 18.36     Traceback (most recent call last):
#11 18.36       File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
#11 18.36       File "/tmp/pip-install-MIySwm/twisted/setup.py", line 20, in <module>
#11 18.36         setuptools.setup(**_setup["getSetupArgs"]())
#11 18.36       File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools/__init__.py", line 162, in setup
#11 18.36         return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
#11 18.36       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/distutils/core.py", line 111, in setup
#11 18.36         _setup_distribution = dist = klass(attrs)
#11 18.36       File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 448, in __init__
#11 18.36         k: v for k, v in attrs.items()
#11 18.36       File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/distutils/dist.py", line 287, in __init__
#11 18.36         self.finalize_options()
#11 18.36       File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 740, in finalize_options
#11 18.36         ep(self)
#11 18.36       File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools/dist.py", line 747, in _finalize_setup_keywords
#11 18.36         ep.load()(self, ep.name, value)
#11 18.36       File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2443, in load
#11 18.36         return self.resolve()
#11 18.36       File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/ pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2449, in resolve
#11 18.36         module = __import__(self.module_name, fromlist=['__name__'], level=0)
#11 18.36       File "/tmp/pip-install-MIySwm/twisted/.eggs/incremental-22.10.0-py2.7.egg/incremental/__init__.py", line 14, in <module>
#11 18.36         from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, TypeVar, Union, Optional, Dict
#11 18.36     ImportError: No module named typing
#11 18.36     ----------------------------------------
#11 18.36 ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: python setup.py egg_info Check the logs for full command output.

错误原因 #

安装Twisted时，pip自动拉取了incremental 22.10.0版本，该版本引入了Python 3.x专属的typing模块依赖，但Python 2.7原生没有这个模块，导致安装流程中断。

解决方法 #

方法1：先安装兼容Python 2.7的incremental版本 #

先锁定不依赖typing的incremental老版本，再安装Twisted：

pip install incremental==21.3.0
pip install twisted

方法2：直接指定兼容的Twisted版本及依赖 #

一次性安装适配Python2.7的Twisted版本和对应依赖包：

pip install twisted==20.3.0 incremental==21.3.0

长期方案：迁移到Python3 #

Python2.7已停止官方维护，Ubuntu22.04默认支持Python3.8及以上版本，建议直接安装Python3版本的Twisted：

apt-get install python3-pip
pip3 install twisted

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Priya