能否在不借助控制器的情况下直接将路由映射至视图？

方案1：统一基础控制器+自定义路由映射 #

先定义路由与视图路径的对照表，可做成配置类或静态字典：

Public Class ViewRouteMapping
    Public Shared ReadOnly Mappings As New Dictionary(Of String, String) From {
        {"home/details/{id}", "Home/Details"},
        {"product/list", "Product/List"},
        {"user/profile/{id}", "User/Profile"}
        ' 按需添加所有需要映射的路由与视图关系
    }
End Class

创建统一控制器处理这类仅返回视图的请求：

Public Class FallbackController
    Inherits Controller

    Public Function Index() As ActionResult
        ' 从路由数据中获取预定义的视图路径
        Dim viewPath = RouteData.Values("viewPath").ToString()
        Return View(viewPath)
    End Function
End Class

在路由配置中注册映射规则：

Public Class RouteConfig
    Public Shared Sub RegisterRoutes(routes As RouteCollection)
        routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}")

        ' 先注册自定义映射路由
        For Each mapping In ViewRouteMapping.Mappings
            routes.MapRoute(
                name:=mapping.Key.Replace("/", "_"),
                url:=mapping.Key,
                defaults:=New With {.controller = "Fallback", .action = "Index", .viewPath = mapping.Value}
            )
        Next

        ' 常规默认路由
        routes.MapRoute(
            name:="Default",
            url:="{controller}/{action}/{id}",
            defaults:=New With {.controller = "Home", .action = "Index", .id = UrlParameter.Optional}
        )
    End Sub
End Class

方案2：自定义RouteBase直接解析视图路径 #

若不想依赖统一控制器，可自定义RouteBase实现路由匹配，再通过HttpContext渲染视图：

自定义路由类：

Public Class ViewRoute
    Inherits RouteBase

    Private ReadOnly _mappings As Dictionary(Of String, String)

    Public Sub New(mappings As Dictionary(Of String, String))
        _mappings = mappings
    End Sub

    Public Overrides Function GetRouteData(httpContext As HttpContextBase) As RouteData
        Dim requestUrl = httpContext.Request.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath.TrimStart("~/")

        ' 遍历对照表匹配路由
        For Each mapping In _mappings
            Dim regexPattern = "^" + Regex.Replace(mapping.Key, "{[a-zA-Z0-9]+}", "([^/]+)") + "$"
            If Regex.IsMatch(requestUrl, regexPattern) Then
                Dim routeData = New RouteData(Me, New MvcRouteHandler())
                routeData.Values("viewPath") = mapping.Value
                
                ' 提取路由参数（如id）存入路由数据
                Dim matches = Regex.Match(requestUrl, regexPattern)
                Dim paramNames = Regex.Matches(mapping.Key, "{([a-zA-Z0-9]+)}").Cast(Of Match)().Select(Function(m) m.Groups(1).Value)
                For i = 0 To paramNames.Count - 1
                    routeData.Values(paramNames(i)) = matches.Groups(i + 1).Value
                Next
                Return routeData
            End If
        Next

        Return Nothing
    End Function

    Public Overrides Function GetVirtualPath(requestContext As RequestContext, values As RouteValueDictionary) As VirtualPathData
        ' 按需实现反向路由生成，此处暂返回Nothing
        Return Nothing
    End Function
End Class

注册自定义路由：

Public Class RouteConfig
    Public Shared Sub RegisterRoutes(routes As RouteCollection)
        routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}")

        ' 注册自定义视图路由
        routes.Add(New ViewRoute(ViewRouteMapping.Mappings))

        ' 常规默认路由
        routes.MapRoute(
            name:="Default",
            url:="{controller}/{action}/{id}",
            defaults:=New With {.controller = "Home", .action = "Index", .id = UrlParameter.Optional}
        )
    End Sub
End Class

若要直接通过HttpContext返回视图，可实现IHttpHandler处理请求：

Public Class ViewHandler
    Implements IHttpHandler

    Public ReadOnly Property IsReusable As Boolean Implements IHttpHandler.IsReusable
        Get
            Return False
        End Get
    End Property

    Public Sub ProcessRequest(context As HttpContext) Implements IHttpHandler.ProcessRequest
        Dim requestUrl = context.Request.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath.TrimStart("~/")
        Dim viewPath = ViewRouteMapping.Mappings.FirstOrDefault(Function(m) 
            Return Regex.IsMatch(requestUrl, "^" + Regex.Replace(m.Key, "{[a-zA-Z0-9]+}", "([^/]+)") + "$")
        End Function).Value

        If Not String.IsNullOrEmpty(viewPath) Then
            ' 查找视图并渲染
            Dim controllerContext = New ControllerContext(context, New RouteData(), New Controller())
            Dim viewResult = ViewEngines.Engines.FindView(controllerContext, viewPath, Nothing)
            If viewResult.View IsNot Nothing Then
                Dim viewContext = New ViewContext(controllerContext, viewResult.View, New ViewDataDictionary(), New TempDataDictionary(), context.Response.Output)
                viewResult.View.Render(viewContext, context.Response.Output)
                context.Response.End()
            End If
        End If

        ' 无匹配时交给默认MVC处理程序
        HttpContext.Current.RemapHandler(MvcHttpHandler.DefaultHttpHandler)
    End Sub
End Class

核心要点 #

• 本质是通过路由-视图路径映射表替代重复的空控制器操作，减少冗余代码。
• 直接用HttpContext返回视图时，需借助ASP.NET MVC的ViewEngine查找视图，手动构建ViewContext完成渲染。
• 路由参数可通过正则提取后存入路由数据，视图中可通过ViewContext.RouteData.Values获取使用。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Joshua Frank