需含gcloud与yarn的Cloud Build构建器，解决NX Monorepo增量部署问题

问题根源：gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud镜像仅包含Google Cloud SDK工具，没有预装Node.js和yarn，因此执行yarn nx affected -t deploy时会提示bash: yarn: No such file or directory。以下是三种可行的解决办法：

方案一：在Node镜像中安装gcloud SDK #

直接在已包含yarn的Node镜像内安装gcloud组件，无需切换镜像：

steps:
  - name: node:16-bullseye
    entrypoint: yarn
    args: ["install", "--frozen-lockfile"]

  - name: node:16-bullseye
    entrypoint: yarn
    args: ["nx", "affected", "-t", "build"]

  - name: node:16-bullseye
    entrypoint: bash
    args:
      - -c
      - |
        # 安装gcloud SDK依赖
        echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg] https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main" | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list
        curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg add -
        apt-get update && apt-get install -y google-cloud-sdk
        # 执行NX变更应用部署
        yarn nx affected -t deploy

优缺点：无需额外维护镜像，但每次构建都要重新安装gcloud，会增加构建时长。

方案二：拆分步骤，分别用对应镜像执行 #

先在Node镜像中获取变更应用列表，再用gcloud镜像逐个部署：

steps:
  - name: node:16-bullseye
    entrypoint: yarn
    args: ["install", "--frozen-lockfile"]

  - name: node:16-bullseye
    entrypoint: bash
    args:
      - -c
      - |
        yarn nx affected -t build
        # 导出变更应用列表到文件
        yarn nx affected:apps --plain > affected-apps.txt

  - name: "gcr.io/cloud-builders/gcloud"
    entrypoint: bash
    args:
      - -c
      - |
        # 循环读取应用列表并部署
        while read app; do
          cp "apps/$app/app.yaml" "dist/apps/$app"
          gcloud app deploy "dist/apps/$app/app.yaml"
        done < affected-apps.txt

优缺点：利用各镜像的优势，构建速度更快，但需要自行处理应用列表的读取和路径匹配逻辑。

方案三：构建包含Node、yarn和gcloud的自定义镜像 #

一次性打包好所需环境的镜像，后续构建直接复用：

1. 创建Dockerfile：

FROM node:16-bullseye
# 安装gcloud SDK
RUN echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg] https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt cloud-sdk main" | tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-cloud-sdk.list
RUN curl https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | apt-key --keyring /usr/share/keyrings/cloud.google.gpg add -
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y google-cloud-sdk
# 确保yarn可用
RUN npm install -g yarn

2. 构建并推送镜像到GCR：

gcloud builds submit --tag gcr.io/你的项目ID/node-gcloud-yarn:16 .

3. 修改cloudbuild.yaml使用自定义镜像：

steps:
  - name: gcr.io/你的项目ID/node-gcloud-yarn:16
    entrypoint: yarn
    args: ["install", "--frozen-lockfile"]

  - name: gcr.io/你的项目ID/node-gcloud-yarn:16
    entrypoint: yarn
    args: ["nx", "affected", "-t", "build"]

  - name: gcr.io/你的项目ID/node-gcloud-yarn:16
    entrypoint: yarn
    args: ["nx", "affected", "-t", "deploy"]

优缺点：构建步骤简洁，后续速度快，但需要维护自定义镜像，更新依赖时需重新构建。

注：所有方案中，Cloud Build会自动挂载默认服务账号凭据，无需额外配置gcloud认证。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者sev