Spring Boot Jar运行报NoSuchBeanDefinitionException，IDE运行正常

问题描述 #

使用Gradle构建Spring Boot应用，在IntelliJ中运行正常，但执行java -jar app.jar时抛出NoSuchBeanDefinitionException，提示找不到PlayersRepository类型的Bean。

build.gradle配置 #

plugins {
    id 'java'
    id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.0.5'
    id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.0'
}

group = 'com.example'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '17'

repositories {
    mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
    implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa:3.0.5'
    implementation 'com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-csv'
    developmentOnly 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-devtools'
    runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2'
    compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
    annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok:1.18.24'
    testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
    implementation 'jakarta.xml.ws:jakarta.xml.ws-api:4.0.0'
}

tasks.named('test') {
    useJUnitPlatform()
}

jar {
    enabled = true
    archiveClassifier.set("")
    duplicatesStrategy(DuplicatesStrategy.EXCLUDE)
    manifest {
        attributes "Main-Class": "com.example.players.PlayersApplication"
    }

    from {
        configurations.runtimeClasspath.collect { it.isDirectory() ? it : zipTree(it) }
    }
}

Gradle Build任务输出 #

5:43:46 PM: Executing 'build'...

> Task :compileJava UP-TO-DATE
> Task :processResources UP-TO-DATE
> Task :classes UP-TO-DATE
> Task :resolveMainClassName
> Task :bootJar
> Task :jar
> Task :assemble
> Task :compileTestJava
> Task :processTestResources NO-SOURCE
> Task :testClasses

> Task :test
2023-04-25T17:44:26.265+03:00  INFO 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-04-25T17:44:26.267+03:00  INFO 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] .SchemaDropperImpl$DelayedDropActionImpl : HHH000477: Starting delayed evictData of schema as part of SessionFactory shut-down'
2023-04-25T17:44:26.485+03:00  INFO 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-04-25T17:44:26.505+03:00  INFO 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed.
2023-04-25T17:44:26.511+03:00  INFO 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2023-04-25T17:44:26.512+03:00  INFO 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] .SchemaDropperImpl$DelayedDropActionImpl : HHH000477: Starting delayed evictData of schema as part of SessionFactory shut-down'
2023-04-25T17:44:26.528+03:00  WARN 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : SQL Error: 90121, SQLState: 90121
2023-04-25T17:44:26.530+03:00 ERROR 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : Database is already closed (to disable automatic closing at VM shutdown, add ";DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE" to the db URL) [90121-214]
2023-04-25T17:44:26.537+03:00  WARN 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : SQL Error: 90121, SQLState: 90121
2023-04-25T17:44:26.537+03:00 ERROR 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : Database is already closed (to disable automatic closing at VM shutdown, add ";DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE" to the db URL) [90121-214]
2023-04-25T17:44:26.540+03:00  WARN 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] o.s.b.f.support.DisposableBeanAdapter    : Invocation of destroy method failed on bean with name 'entityManagerFactory': org.hibernate.exception.JDBCConnectionException: Unable to release JDBC Connection used for DDL execution
2023-04-25T17:44:26.541+03:00  INFO 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-2 - Shutdown initiated...
2023-04-25T17:44:26.543+03:00  INFO 2092 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-2 - Shutdown completed.

> Task :check
> Task :build

BUILD SUCCESSFUL in 39s
7 actionable tasks: 5 executed, 2 up-to-date
5:44:26 PM: Execution finished 'build'.

Java -jar运行报错输出 #

17:37:23.186 [main] ERROR org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication -- 应用启动失败
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: 创建名为'playersController'的Bean时出错：通过字段'playersService'表达的依赖不满足；创建名为'playersService'的Bean时出错：通过字段'playersRepository'表达的依赖不满足：找不到类型为'com.example.players.repositories.PlayersRepository'的合格Bean：期望至少有1个符合自动装配条件的Bean。依赖注解：{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:713)    
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:693)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:133)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:482)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1416)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:597)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:520)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:326)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:324)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:200)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:973)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:917)
        at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:584)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refresh(SpringApplication.java:732)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.refreshContext(SpringApplication.java:434)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:310)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1304)
        at org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication.run(SpringApplication.java:1293)
        at com.example.players.PlayersApplication.main(PlayersApplication.java:12)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: 创建名为'playersService'的Bean时出错：通过字段'playersRepository'表达的依赖不满足：找不到类型为'com.example.players.repositories.PlayersRepository'的合格Bean：期望至少有1个符合自动装配条件的Bean。依赖注解：{@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:713)    
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:693)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:133)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:482)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1416)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:597)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:520)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:326)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:324)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:200)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.config.DependencyDescriptor.resolveCandidate(DependencyDescriptor.java:254)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1417)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1337)
        at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:710)    
        ... 19 common frames omitted

问题原因及解决方案 #

核心原因 #

自定义了jar任务，未使用Spring Boot提供的bootJar任务构建可执行Jar。Spring Boot的bootJar会自动处理应用打包逻辑，包括配置类扫描、Bean注册等；而自定义的jar任务仅生成普通Java Jar，缺少Spring Boot自动装配支持，导致启动时无法扫描并创建PlayersRepository这类Spring Data JPA的Bean。

解决方案 #

1. 删除自定义的jar任务配置，保留Spring Boot默认的bootJar任务。默认情况下，bootJar生成的可执行Jar路径为build/libs/{project-name}-{version}.jar。
2. 执行构建命令：./gradlew bootJar（Windows环境使用gradlew.bat bootJar）。
3. 运行生成的可执行Jar：java -jar build/libs/players-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar（根据实际项目名称和版本调整）。

若需同时生成普通Jar和可执行Jar，可修改配置避免冲突：

jar {
    archiveClassifier.set("plain") // 给普通Jar添加后缀，与bootJar生成的可执行Jar区分
}

此时bootJar生成可执行Jar，jar生成普通Jar，两者互不干扰。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者jen