ChromeDriver在Selenium中运行失败求助：WebSocket连接403错误

问题详情 #

使用Google Chrome 112.0.5615.138（64位官方版）、ChromeDriver 112.0.5615.49，运行Selenium Java代码时出现错误。日志先显示SLF4J无提供者警告，ChromeDriver启动成功后触发WebSocket连接403 Forbidden错误，最终抛出ConnectionFailedException。此前代码可正常运行，需解决该问题。

错误日志 #

SLF4J: No SLF4J providers were found.
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See https://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#noProviders for further details.
Starting ChromeDriver 112.0.5615.49 (bd2a7bcb881c11e8cfe3078709382934e3916914-refs/branch-heads/5615@{#936}) on port 9583
Only local connections are allowed.
Please see https://chromedriver.chromium.org/security-considerations for suggestions on keeping ChromeDriver safe.
ChromeDriver was started successfully.
Apr 25, 2023 3:22:19 PM org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.WebSocket$Listener onError
WARNING: Invalid Status code=403 text=Forbidden
java.io.IOException: Invalid Status code=403 text=Forbidden
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.WebSocketHandler.abort(WebSocketHandler.java:92)
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.WebSocketHandler.handleRead(WebSocketHandler.java:118)
    at org.asynchttpclient.netty.handler.AsyncHttpClientHandler.channelRead(AsyncHttpClientHandler.java:78)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:444)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412)
    at io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler$DelegatingChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:436)
    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.fireChannelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:336)
    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.fireChannelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:323)
    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.callDecode(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:444)
    at io.netty.handler.codec.ByteToMessageDecoder.channelRead(ByteToMessageDecoder.java:280)
    at io.netty.channel.CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.channelRead(CombinedChannelDuplexHandler.java:251)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:442)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.fireChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:412)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline$HeadContext.channelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:1410)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:440)
    at io.netty.channel.AbstractChannelHandlerContext.invokeChannelRead(AbstractChannelHandlerContext.java:420)
    at io.netty.channel.DefaultChannelPipeline.fireChannelRead(DefaultChannelPipeline.java:919)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.AbstractNioByteChannel$NioByteUnsafe.read(AbstractNioByteChannel.java:166)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKey(NioEventLoop.java:788)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeysOptimized(NioEventLoop.java:724)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.processSelectedKeys(NioEventLoop.java:650)
    at io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoop.run(NioEventLoop.java:562)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.SingleThreadEventExecutor$4.run(SingleThreadEventExecutor.java:997)
    at io.netty.util.internal.ThreadExecutorMap$2.run(ThreadExecutorMap.java:74)
    at io.netty.util.concurrent.FastThreadLocalRunnable.run(FastThreadLocalRunnable.java:30)
    at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:833)

Exception in thread "main" org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.ConnectionFailedException: Unable to establish websocket connection to http://localhost:54056/devtools/browser/d72dbc58-f7b2-4cf2-8704-d7a47660caa7
Build info: version: '4.7.2', revision: '4d4020c3b7'
System info: os.name: 'Windows 11', os.arch: 'amd64', os.version: '10.0', java.version: '17.0.5'
Driver info: driver.version: ChromeDriver
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyWebSocket.<init>(NettyWebSocket.java:102)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyWebSocket.lambda$create$3(NettyWebSocket.java:128)
    at org.openqa.selenium.remote.http.netty.NettyClient.openSocket(NettyClient.java:107)
    at org.openqa.selenium.devtools.Connection.<init>(Connection.java:78)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chromium.ChromiumDriver.lambda$new$2(ChromiumDriver.java:116)
    at java.base/java.util.Optional.map(Optional.java:260)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chromium.ChromiumDriver.<init>(ChromiumDriver.java:114)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:82)
    at org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver.<init>(ChromeDriver.java:50)
    at TestCase5.main(TestCase5.java:10)

运行代码 #

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;

public class TestCase5 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\Webdrivers\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
        
        driver.get("https://login.salesforce.com/");
        
        // Create customized CSS from HTML attributes
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("shomnath@gmail.com");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("12314546");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=\"submit\"]")).click();
    }

}

解决方案 #

1. 检查代理设置 #

系统或Chrome的代理可能拦截WebSocket连接：

• 关闭Chrome代理：打开Chrome设置→系统→打开计算机代理设置，确保代理已禁用。
• 确保代码中未配置代理，避免Selenium通过代理连接本地ChromeDriver。

2. 升级Selenium版本 #

当前Selenium 4.7.2可能存在与ChromeDriver 112的兼容性问题，升级到4.10.0及以上稳定版可修复部分WebSocket连接异常。

3. 添加ChromeOptions参数 #

初始化ChromeDriver时添加以下参数，绕过安全限制：

import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;

public class TestCase5 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "D:\\Webdrivers\\chromedriver_win32\\chromedriver.exe");
        
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions();
        options.addArguments("--no-sandbox");
        options.addArguments("--remote-allow-origins=*");
        options.addArguments("--ignore-certificate-errors");
        
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options);
        
        driver.get("https://login.salesforce.com/");
        
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[name=\"username\"]")).sendKeys("shomnath@gmail.com");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("input[type=\"password\"]")).sendKeys("12314546");
        driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("[type=\"submit\"]")).click();
    }

}

4. 排查杀毒/防火墙软件 #

临时关闭杀毒软件或防火墙，测试是否是此类工具拦截了本地WebSocket连接。

5. 清理Chrome缓存与配置 #

关闭Chrome后，删除用户数据目录（默认路径：C:\Users\<用户名>\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data），再重新启动Chrome和测试代码。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Shomnath Somu