PythonAnywhere免费账户能否调用外部HTTPS API？请求被拒排查

问题背景 #

正在开发一款服务于关联卡牌游戏的Telegram机器人，参考PythonAnywhere教程结合ChatGPT输出编写代码。机器人可正常启动，但调用www.relationalgames.com获取卡牌数据时出现连接拒绝错误。

错误信息 #

File "/usr/local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/urllib3/util/retry.py", line 592, in increment
raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='www.relationalgames.com', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: /cards?deck=Papo%20a%20Papo (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x7f46da0873a0>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 111] Connection refused'))

当前代码 #

import telepot
import json
import random
import urllib3
import time

# You can leave this bit out if you're using a paid PythonAnywhere account
proxy_url = "http://proxy.server:3128"
telepot.api._pools = {
    'default': urllib3.ProxyManager(proxy_url=proxy_url, num_pools=3, maxsize=10, retries=False, timeout=30),
}
telepot.api._onetime_pool_spec = (urllib3.ProxyManager, dict(proxy_url=proxy_url, num_pools=1, maxsize=1, retries=False, timeout=30))
# end of the stuff that's only needed for free accounts

http = urllib3.PoolManager(timeout=60)

def handle(msg):
    content_type, chat_type, chat_id = telepot.glance(msg)
    if content_type == 'text':
        if msg['text'] == '/start':
            bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Enter the name of a deck:")
        else:
            #try:
                deck_name = msg['text']
                response = http.request('GET', f'https://www.relationalgames.com/cards?deck={deck_name}') # requests.get(f'https://www.relationalgames.com/cards?deck={deck_name}')
                print(response)
                playable_deck = json.loads(response.text)
                random.shuffle(playable_deck)

                while len(playable_deck) > 0:
                    card = playable_deck.pop()
                    if 'url' in card:
                        bot.sendMessage(chat_id, card['url'])
                    else:
                        bot.sendMessage(chat_id, card['cardText'])

                    if len(playable_deck) == 0:
                        bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Do you want to restart the game? (yes or no)")
                        break

                    bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Press any key for next card")
                    bot.getUpdates()
            #except:
             #   bot.sendMessage(chat_id, "Error processing your request")

TOKEN = 'My Token'
bot = telepot.Bot(TOKEN)
bot.message_loop(handle)

print ('Listening ...')

# Keep the program running.
while 1:
    time.sleep(10)

疑问与需求 #

需明确错误原因是PythonAnywhere免费账户限制，还是代码问题，并获取解决思路。

解决思路分析 #

1. 核心原因：代理配置不完整 #

PythonAnywhere免费账户对外发起所有HTTP/HTTPS请求必须使用官方指定代理（http://proxy.server:3128）。当前代码仅给Telepot库配置了代理，但用于请求卡牌网站的http = urllib3.PoolManager(timeout=60)未使用代理，导致连接被拒绝。

2. 代码修正步骤 #

• 替换请求管理器为代理版本：
  把原有的http = urllib3.PoolManager(timeout=60)替换为：

  http = urllib3.ProxyManager(proxy_url=proxy_url, timeout=60)
  

• 恢复异常捕获逻辑：取消try-except块的注释，避免程序崩溃，同时给用户返回错误提示。
• 修复消息处理逻辑：bot.getUpdates()与message_loop冲突，会导致重复处理消息，建议改为基于状态的等待逻辑（比如用变量记录用户当前处于“等待下一张卡牌”的状态）。
• URL编码优化：直接拼接deck_name可能导致编码错误，需对参数进行URL编码：

  from urllib.parse import quote
  encoded_deck_name = quote(deck_name)
  response = http.request('GET', f'https://www.relationalgames.com/cards?deck={encoded_deck_name}')
  

3. 验证步骤 #

在PythonAnywhere控制台执行以下命令，测试代理是否能正常访问目标网站：

curl -x http://proxy.server:3128 https://www.relationalgames.com/cards?deck=Papo

若能返回数据，说明代理配置有效；若仍失败，可能是目标网站屏蔽了PythonAnywhere的代理IP，或网站本身不可用。

4. 额外检查点 #

确认目标API路径是否正确：用户提供的示例URL是/cards/deck?Papo，但代码中使用的是/cards?deck={deck_name}，需核对官方API文档确认正确路径。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者MrWater