Amazon Linux 2上安装postgresql15-contrib因Python共享库依赖失败

我在AWS EC2的Amazon Linux 2系统上安装PostgreSQL 15服务器及contrib扩展库，执行步骤：

sudo rpm --import https://yum.postgresql.org/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG-15
sudo yum update -y
sudo yum install -y postgresql15-server postgresql15-contrib

PostgreSQL服务器安装正常，但contrib包因Python依赖安装失败，单独安装postgresql15-server可正常运行。

错误信息 #

执行sudo yum install -y postgresql15-contrib时的错误：

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-51-199 ~]$ sudo yum install -y  postgresql15-contrib 
Loaded plugins: dkms-build-requires, extras_suggestions, langpacks, priorities, update-motd
225 packages excluded due to repository priority protections
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package postgresql15-contrib.x86_64 0:15.2-1PGDG.rhel7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.22)(64bit) for package: postgresql15-contrib-15.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.18)(64bit) for package: postgresql15-contrib-15.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1(LIBXML2_1.0.11)(64bit) for package: postgresql15-contrib-15.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libxslt.so.1()(64bit) for package: postgresql15-contrib-15.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpython3.6m.so.1.0()(64bit) for package: postgresql15-contrib-15.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-6.amzn2 will be installed
---> Package postgresql15-contrib.x86_64 0:15.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: libpython3.6m.so.1.0()(64bit) for package: postgresql15-contrib-15.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: postgresql15-contrib-15.2-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64 (pgdg15)
           Requires: libpython3.6m.so.1.0()(64bit)
           Available: python3-libs-3.6.2-3.amzn2.0.2.x86_64 (amzn2extra-python3)
               libpython3.6m.so.1.0()(64bit)
           Available: python3-libs-3.6.2-3.amzn2.0.3.x86_64 (amzn2extra-python3)
               libpython3.6m.so.1.0()(64bit)
           Installed: python3-libs-3.7.16-1.amzn2.0.2.x86_64 (@amzn2-core)
              ~libpython3.7m.so.1.0()(64bit)
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.0-0.12.b2.amzn2.0.2.x86_64 (amzn2-core)
              ~libpython3.7m.so.1.0()(64bit)
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.0-0.16.b3.amzn2.0.1.x86_64 (amzn2-core)
              ~libpython3.7m.so.1.0()(64bit)
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.0-0.20.rc1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.0-0.20.rc1.amzn2.0.2.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.1-9.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.2-4.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.3-1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.3-1.amzn2.0.2.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.4-1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.4-1.amzn2.0.2.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.4-1.amzn2.0.3.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.4-1.amzn2.0.4.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.6-1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.8-1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.9-1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.9-1.amzn2.0.2.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.9-1.amzn2.0.3.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.10-1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.15-1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.15-1.amzn2.0.2.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
           Available: python3-libs-3.7.16-1.amzn2.0.1.i686 (amzn2-core)
               Not found
 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem
 You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-51-199 ~]$ 

当前环境信息 #

• 已安装Python版本：

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-51-199 ~]$ python3 -V
Python 3.7.16
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-51-199 ~]$ 

• Python共享库查找结果：

[ec2-user@ip-172-31-51-199 ~]$ sudo locate libpython
/home/ec2-user/timp/Python-3.6.12/libpython3.6m.a
/home/ec2-user/timp/Python-3.6.12/Tools/gdb/libpython.py
/usr/lib64/libpython2.7.so
/usr/lib64/libpython2.7.so.1.0
/usr/lib64/libpython3.7m.so.1.0
/usr/lib64/libpython3.8.so.1.0
/usr/lib64/libpython3.so
/usr/lib64/python2.7/config/libpython2.7.so
/usr/local/lib/libpython3.6m.a
/usr/local/lib/python3.6/config-3.6m-x86_64-linux-gnu/libpython3.6m.a
/usr/share/systemtap/tapset/libpython2.7-64.stp
[ec2-user@ip-172-31-51-199 ~]$ 

已尝试的操作 #

• 单独安装postgresql15-server正常
• 尝试安装Python 3.6版本（通过包管理及源码编译安装），问题仍未解决

问题根源 #

1. PGDG仓库提供的postgresql15-contrib包基于RHEL7编译，依赖Python 3.6的动态共享库libpython3.6m.so.1.0
2. Amazon Linux 2默认amzn2-core仓库提供Python 3.7版本，Python 3.6的库存在于amzn2extra-python3仓库，但该仓库优先级低于amzn2-core，Yum无法自动选择安装
3. 源码编译的Python 3.6仅生成静态库（.a文件），Yum需要动态共享库（.so文件），因此无法被识别

具体解决步骤 #

方法1：启用amzn2extra-python3仓库并安装Python 3.6依赖 #

# 启用Python 3.6的官方扩展仓库
sudo amazon-linux-extras enable python3.6
# 清理Yum缓存，确保仓库配置生效
sudo yum clean all
# 明确指定安装Python 3.6的库及contrib包
sudo yum install -y python3-libs-3.6.2 postgresql15-contrib

方法2：重新编译Python 3.6生成动态共享库 #

若坚持使用源码编译的Python 3.6，需添加编译参数生成动态库：

# 进入Python 3.6源码目录
cd /home/ec2-user/timp/Python-3.6.12
# 重新配置编译参数，启用动态共享库生成
./configure --enable-shared --prefix=/usr/local
# 清理之前的编译文件，重新编译安装
make clean
make
sudo make install
# 更新系统库缓存，让系统识别新的动态库
sudo ldconfig

方法3：使用Amazon Linux 2官方PostgreSQL包 #

若可接受非最新版本的PostgreSQL，直接使用系统自带仓库安装：

# 移除PGDG仓库配置
sudo rm -f /etc/yum.repos.d/pgdg-15.repo
# 安装官方的PostgreSQL及contrib包
sudo yum install -y postgresql-server postgresql-contrib

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者maxTrialfire