使用Python Selenium无法访问网页元素下载PDF文件求助

我无法访问目标PDF页面的任何元素：

目标PDF链接：https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/products/conduit-cable-and-wire-management/crouse-hinds/catalog-pages/crouse-hinds-locknuts-nipples-washers-reducers-plugs-rigid-catalog-page.pdf

尝试点击下载图标完成文件下载时，总是出现「未找到元素」错误；若等待元素加载则触发「超时异常」，已确认页面不存在iframe。需要帮助用Python Selenium完成该文件下载，当前脚本如下：

from selenium import webdriver
import os.path  # to get Employee ID
import time
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options  # to change the download location
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

# Get the Employee ID
EmplyID = os.getenv('USER', os.getenv('USERNAME', 'user'))

# Get the final download location
DownloadPath = (f'C:\\Users\\{EmplyID}\\Desktop\\Catalog files\\Downloaded Files')


chromeOptions = Options()
chromeOptions.add_experimental_option("prefs", {"download.default_directory": DownloadPath})

# create a driver object
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=f'C:\\Users\\{EmplyID}\\Desktop\\Catalog files\\chromedriver.exe',options=chromeOptions)

# open the pdf
driver.get("https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/products/conduit-cable-and-wire-management/crouse-hinds/catalog-pages/crouse-hinds-locknuts-nipples-washers-reducers-plugs-rigid-catalog-page.pdf")
driver.maximize_window()
time.sleep(10)

# creating for explicit wait
wait = WebDriverWait(driver,15)

element = wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'download')))
element.click()
time.sleep(5)

方法1：直接用requests下载（更高效，无需Selenium） #

既然PDF有直接可访问的链接，无需通过浏览器操作，用requests库直接下载更简单高效：

import os
import requests

# 获取用户ID
EmplyID = os.getenv('USER', os.getenv('USERNAME', 'user'))
# 下载路径
DownloadPath = f'C:\\Users\\{EmplyID}\\Desktop\\Catalog files\\Downloaded Files'
# 确保路径存在
os.makedirs(DownloadPath, exist_ok=True)

# PDF链接
pdf_url = "https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/products/conduit-cable-and-wire-management/crouse-hinds/catalog-pages/crouse-hinds-locknuts-nipples-washers-reducers-plugs-rigid-catalog-page.pdf"
# 文件名
file_name = os.path.join(DownloadPath, "crouse-hinds-catalog.pdf")

# 发送请求下载
response = requests.get(pdf_url, stream=True)
response.raise_for_status()  # 检查请求是否成功

with open(file_name, 'wb') as f:
    for chunk in response.iter_content(chunk_size=8192):
        f.write(chunk)

print(f"文件已成功下载到：{file_name}")

方法2：调整Selenium配置，让PDF直接下载（无需点击按钮） #

如果必须用Selenium，修改Chrome的偏好设置，让浏览器直接下载PDF而不是在页面中预览，跳过定位下载按钮的步骤：

from selenium import webdriver
import os
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options

# 获取用户ID
EmplyID = os.getenv('USER', os.getenv('USERNAME', 'user'))
# 下载路径
DownloadPath = f'C:\\Users\\{EmplyID}\\Desktop\\Catalog files\\Downloaded Files'
# 确保路径存在
os.makedirs(DownloadPath, exist_ok=True)

chromeOptions = Options()
# 设置下载相关偏好
chromeOptions.add_experimental_option("prefs", {
    "download.default_directory": DownloadPath,
    # 禁用PDF预览，直接下载
    "plugins.always_open_pdf_externally": True,
    "download.prompt_for_download": False,
    "download.directory_upgrade": True
})

# 初始化驱动（注意：ChromeDriver版本需与Chrome浏览器匹配）
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=f'C:\\Users\\{EmplyID}\\Desktop\\Catalog files\\chromedriver.exe', options=chromeOptions)

# 访问PDF链接，浏览器会自动下载
driver.get("https://www.eaton.com/content/dam/eaton/products/conduit-cable-and-wire-management/crouse-hinds/catalog-pages/crouse-hinds-locknuts-nipples-washers-reducers-plugs-rigid-catalog-page.pdf")

# 等待下载完成（可根据文件大小调整等待时间）
import time
time.sleep(5)

driver.quit()

说明 #

• 原脚本失败的核心原因：Chrome内置PDF阅读器的元素ID并非download，且不同版本的阅读器元素结构存在差异，直接定位元素稳定性极差。
• 方法2通过配置跳过PDF预览环节，让浏览器直接下载文件，从根源上避免了定位元素的问题。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Vishal