Google Colab脚本Setup1阶段安装报错及依赖冲突求助

执行某Colab脚本的Setup1步骤时遇到以下问题：

1. pyworld-0.3.0安装失败 #

安装pyworld-0.3.0时，构建依赖的pip子进程执行失败，报错信息如下：

Downloading pyworld-0.3.0.tar.gz (212 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 212.0/212.0 kB 12.5 MB/s eta 0:00:00
  error: subprocess-exited-with-error
  
  × pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
  │ exit code: 1
  ╰─> See above for output.
  
  note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
  Installing build dependencies ... error
error: subprocess-exited-with-error

× pip subprocess to install build dependencies did not run successfully.
│ exit code: 1
╰─> See above for output.

note: This error originates from a subprocess, and is likely not a problem with pip.
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.org/simple, https://us-python.pkg.dev/colab-wheels/public/simple/, https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cu116

2. 多组依赖冲突 #

PyTorch系列依赖冲突 #

ERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts.
torchvision 0.15.1+cu118 requires torch==2.0.0, but you have torch 1.13.1+cu116 which is incompatible.
torchtext 0.15.1 requires torch==2.0.0, but you have torch 1.13.1+cu116 which is incompatible.
torchdata 0.6.0 requires torch==2.0.0, but you have torch 1.13.1+cu116 which is incompatible.
torchaudio 2.0.1+cu118 requires torch==2.0.0, but you have torch 1.13.1+cu116 which is incompatible.

Protobuf依赖冲突 #

ERROR: pip's dependency resolver does not currently take into account all the packages that are installed. This behaviour is the source of the following dependency conflicts.
tensorflow-metadata 1.13.1 requires protobuf<5,>=3.20.3, but you have protobuf 3.19.6 which is incompatible.
onnx 1.13.1 requires protobuf<4,>=3.20.2, but you have protobuf 3.19.6 which is incompatible.

已尝试但无效的命令 #

!pip install torch==2.0
!pip install protobuf=3.20.2

1. 解决pyworld安装失败 #

pyworld源码安装需要编译环境，先在Colab中安装编译工具，再用预编译包安装：

!apt-get install -y gcc g++ python3-dev
!pip install pyworld --only-binary :all:

2. 修复PyTorch依赖冲突 #

Colab默认带PyTorch 2.0系列，脚本安装的1.13.1导致冲突，统一安装配套版本：

!pip install torch==2.0.0 torchvision==0.15.1 torchaudio==2.0.1 torchtext==0.15.1 torchdata==0.6.0 --force-reinstall

3. 修复Protobuf依赖冲突 #

升级到符合所有依赖要求的版本：

!pip install protobuf==3.20.3 --force-reinstall

4. 一键执行全部修复 #

把上述命令合并，避免分步操作的问题：

!apt-get install -y gcc g++ python3-dev
!pip install pyworld --only-binary :all:
!pip install torch==2.0.0 torchvision==0.15.1 torchaudio==2.0.1 torchtext==0.15.1 torchdata==0.6.0 protobuf==3.20.3 --force-reinstall

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Alёna