FreeCAD集成Python控制台导入sklearn失败问题及解决

环境信息 #

Windows: 10.0.19044
系统默认Python版本: 3.7.3
已安装Scikit-learn版本: 1.0.2
Numpy: 1.21.6
Scipy: 1.7.3
FreeCAD版本: 0.20.1

问题场景 #

需要使用sklearn.neighbors模块，在FreeCAD 0.20.1的集成Python控制台中，先通过sys.path.append()添加scikit-learn的安装路径，再执行import sklearn，但无论是导入sklearn还是sklearn.neighbors，都会触发相同报错。

报错信息 #

>>> import sklearn
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\\RoboDK\\Python37\\Lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\__check_build\\__init__.py", line 48, in <module>
    from ._check_build import check_build  # noqa
  File "C:\\Program Files\\FreeCAD 0.20\\bin\\Lib\\site-packages\\shiboken2\\files.dir\\shibokensupport\\__feature__.py", line 142, in _import
    return original_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'sklearn.__check_build._check_build'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>
  File "C:\\Program Files\\FreeCAD 0.20\\bin\\Lib\\site-packages\\shiboken2\\files.dir\\shibokensupport\\__feature__.py", line 142, in _import
    return original_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\\RoboDK\\Python37\\Lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\__init__.py", line 81, in <module>
    from . import __check_build  # noqa: F401
  File "C:\\Program Files\\FreeCAD 0.20\\bin\\Lib\\site-packages\\shiboken2\\files.dir\\shibokensupport\\__feature__.py", line 142, in _import
    return original_import(name, *args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\\RoboDK\\Python37\\Lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\__check_build\\__init__.py", line 50, in <module>
    raise_build_error(e)
  File "C:\\RoboDK\\Python37\\Lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\__check_build\\__init__.py", line 31, in raise_build_error
    raise ImportError(
ImportError: No module named 'sklearn.__check_build._check_build'
___________________________________________________________________________
Contents of C:\\RoboDK\\Python37\\Lib\\site-packages\\sklearn\\__check_build:
setup.py                  _check_build.cp37-win_amd64.pyd__init__.py
__pycache__
___________________________________________________________________________
It seems that scikit-learn has not been built correctly.

If you have installed scikit-learn from source, please do not forget
to build the package before using it: run `python setup.py install` or
`make` in the source directory.

If you have used an installer, please check that it is suited for your
Python version, your operating system and your platform.

已尝试的无效操作 #

• 多次以管理员权限卸载、重装scikit-learn
• 尝试安装不同旧版本的scikit-learn
• 执行官方推荐的检查命令，结果均显示scikit-learn 1.0.2版本已正常安装：

  python -m pip show scikit-learn  # 查看scikit-learn版本及安装路径
  python -m pip freeze  # 查看当前环境下所有已安装包
  python -c "import sklearn; sklearn.show_versions()"
  

解决方法 #

FreeCAD自带Python 3.8环境，此前为系统默认Python 3.7安装的scikit-learn无法适配该环境。执行以下命令为Python 3.8环境安装对应版本的scikit-learn：

py -3.8 -m pip install scikit-learn==1.2.2

安装完成后，导入scikit-learn的问题即可解决。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者wonderpet