使用PowerShell解压VBR补丁包失败问题求助

问题详情 #

要为100多台服务器更新VBR补丁，编写的PowerShell脚本可正常下载补丁包，但解压环节出现异常——脚本显示已完成解压，但运行补丁程序时提示存储错误；单独执行Expand-Archive命令也报相同错误。

原脚本代码 #

#$VeeamVersion = Get-ItemProperty "HKLM:\Software\Veeam\Veeam Backup and Replication" | Select-Object -ExpandProperty DisplayVersion
$ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
$VeeamVersion = (Get-Item 'C:\Program Files\Veeam\Backup and Replication\Backup\Packages\VeeamDeploymentDll.dll').VersionInfo |select -ExpandProperty FileVersion

if ($VeeamVersion -eq "11.0.1.1261") {
    Write-Host "Veeam Backup and Replication version 11.0.1.1261 is installed on your PC"
    $DownloadUrl = "https://download2.veeam.com/VBR/v11/VeeamBackup&Replication_11.0.1.1261_20230227.zip"
} elseif ($VeeamVersion -eq "12.0.0.1420") {
    Write-Host "Veeam Backup and Replication version 12.0.0.1420 is installed on your PC"
    $DownloadUrl = "https://download2.veeam.com/VBR/v12/VeeamBackup&Replication_12.0.0.1420_20230412.zip"
} else {
    Write-Host "Neither Veeam Backup and Replication version 11.0.1.1261 nor version 12.0.0.1420 is installed on your PC"
}

if ($DownloadUrl) {
    New-Item -Path d:\ -name "veeam_update" -ItemType "Directory"
    $DownloadPath = "d:\Veaam_update"  # 此处存在拼写错误：应为veeam_update

    if (Test-Path "$DownloadPath\veeam*.zip") {
        Write-Host "Veeam Backup and Replication is already downloaded"
    } else {
        Write-Host "Downloading Veeam Backup and Replication..."
        Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $DownloadUrl -OutFile "$DownloadPath\veeam.zip"
        Expand-Archive -LiteralPath "$DownloadPath\veeam.zip" -DestinationPath "$DownloadPath"
        Write-Host "Veeam Backup and Replication downloaded successfully"
    }

    Write-Host "Installing Veeam Backup and Replication silently..."
    #Start-Process "D:\Veaam_update\*.exe" -ArgumentList "/S" -Wait
    Write-Host "Veeam Backup and Replication installed successfully"
}

错误信息 #

Exception calling "ExtractToFile" with "3" argument(s): "The archive entry was compressed using an unsupported compression method."
At C:\Windows\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules\Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive\Microsoft.PowerShell.Archive.psm1:1059 char:25
+ ...             [System.IO.Compression.ZipFileExtensions]::ExtractToFile( ...
+                 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : NotSpecified: (:) [], MethodInvocationException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : InvalidDataException

解决方案 #

1. 修正路径拼写错误 #

脚本中创建的目录是d:\veeam_update，但$DownloadPath变量写成了d:\Veaam_update（拼写错误，少了一个e），这会导致下载和解压路径不匹配，是潜在问题，需先修正。

2. 替换解压工具 #

Windows自带的Expand-Archive依赖.NET System.IO.Compression，不支持Veeam补丁包可能使用的LZMA2或Deflate64等压缩算法，建议用7-Zip命令行工具替代：

• 确保服务器已安装7-Zip，若未安装，可通过脚本静默安装（提前下载7-Zip安装包到共享路径）。
• 用7-Zip命令行解压：& "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe" x "$DownloadPath\veeam.zip" -o"$DownloadPath" -y

3. 可选：添加文件哈希校验 #

下载后校验文件哈希，避免因包损坏导致解压失败，可在Veeam官网获取对应补丁包的哈希值，添加校验逻辑。

修改后的脚本示例 #

$ProgressPreference = 'SilentlyContinue'
[Net.ServicePointManager]::SecurityProtocol = [Net.SecurityProtocolType]::Tls12
$VeeamVersion = (Get-Item 'C:\Program Files\Veeam\Backup and Replication\Backup\Packages\VeeamDeploymentDll.dll').VersionInfo | Select-Object -ExpandProperty FileVersion

$DownloadUrl = $null
if ($VeeamVersion -eq "11.0.1.1261") {
    Write-Host "已安装Veeam Backup and Replication 11.0.1.1261"
    $DownloadUrl = "https://download2.veeam.com/VBR/v11/VeeamBackup&Replication_11.0.1.1261_20230227.zip"
    # 可选：添加对应哈希值
    # $ExpectedHash = "XXX"
} elseif ($VeeamVersion -eq "12.0.0.1420") {
    Write-Host "已安装Veeam Backup and Replication 12.0.0.1420"
    $DownloadUrl = "https://download2.veeam.com/VBR/v12/VeeamBackup&Replication_12.0.0.1420_20230412.zip"
    # $ExpectedHash = "XXX"
} else {
    Write-Host "未检测到目标版本的Veeam Backup and Replication"
    exit 1
}

if ($DownloadUrl) {
    $DownloadPath = "d:\veeam_update"
    # 创建目录（已存在则不报错）
    New-Item -Path $DownloadPath -ItemType Directory -Force | Out-Null

    $ZipPath = Join-Path -Path $DownloadPath -ChildPath "veeam.zip"
    if (Test-Path (Join-Path -Path $DownloadPath -ChildPath "veeam*.zip")) {
        Write-Host "补丁包已下载"
    } else {
        Write-Host "正在下载补丁包..."
        Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $DownloadUrl -OutFile $ZipPath
        
        # 可选：哈希校验
        # $ActualHash = (Get-FileHash -Path $ZipPath -Algorithm SHA256).Hash
        # if ($ActualHash -ne $ExpectedHash) {
        #     Write-Host "补丁包损坏，下载失败"
        #     Remove-Item -Path $ZipPath -Force
        #     exit 1
        # }
        
        Write-Host "正在解压补丁包..."
        # 使用7-Zip解压
        if (Test-Path "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe") {
            & "C:\Program Files\7-Zip\7z.exe" x $ZipPath -o"$DownloadPath" -y | Out-Null
            if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) {
                Write-Host "解压成功"
            } else {
                Write-Host "解压失败"
                exit 1
            }
        } else {
            Write-Host "未检测到7-Zip，请先安装"
            exit 1
        }
    }

    Write-Host "正在静默安装补丁..."
    $SetupExe = Get-ChildItem -Path $DownloadPath -Filter "*.exe" | Select-Object -First 1 -ExpandProperty FullName
    if ($SetupExe) {
        Start-Process -FilePath $SetupExe -ArgumentList "/S" -Wait -NoNewWindow
        if ($LASTEXITCODE -eq 0) {
            Write-Host "补丁安装成功"
        } else {
            Write-Host "补丁安装失败，错误码：$LASTEXITCODE"
        }
    } else {
        Write-Host "未找到安装程序"
    }
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者WebsGhost