Android与Spring Boot WebSocket通信：如何接收Android端发送的数据？

你的核心问题是Android用的是原生WebSocket协议，但Spring Boot配置的是STOMP协议的WebSocket，两者协议不兼容，导致后端收不到前端发送的消息。下面给两种可行的解决思路：

方案一：Android端改用STOMP客户端适配Spring Boot配置 #

Spring Boot当前配置的是STOMP协议的WebSocket，所以Android端需要用STOMP客户端来连接并发送消息，才能和后端兼容。

1. Android端修改 #

首先在Android项目的build.gradle中添加STOMP依赖：

dependencies {
    implementation 'com.github.NaikSoftware:StompProtocolAndroid:1.6.0'
}

然后修改RestModule和GpsActivity的代码，改用STOMP连接：

// RestModule.kt
object RestModule {
    fun getStompClient(): StompClient {
        val stompClient = StompClient(OkHttpClient())
        // 连接地址对应Spring Boot的STOMP端点
        stompClient.connect("ws://my-ip:30000/ws")
        return stompClient
    }
}

// GpsActivity.kt
class GpsActivity: ComponentActivity()  {
    private lateinit var stompClient: StompClient
    private val service = RestModule

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContent {
            stompClient = service.getStompClient()
        }
    }

    private fun createLocation() {
        val locationCallback = object : LocationCallback() {
            override fun onLocationResult(locationResult: LocationResult) {
                for (location in locationResult.locations){
                    location?.let {
                        val json = "{\"latitude\": ${location.latitude}, \"longitude\": ${location.longitude}}"
                        // 发送到Spring Boot配置的/app/greetings目的地
                        stompClient.send("/app/greetings", json).subscribe()
                        markerPosition.value=LatLng(location.latitude, location.longitude)
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

2. Spring Boot端优化接收（可选） #

创建实体类自动解析JSON，不用手动处理字符串：

// Location.java
public class Location {
    private double latitude;
    private double longitude;

    public Location() {} // 必须保留无参构造函数，供Jackson解析

    // getter和setter
    public double getLatitude() { return latitude; }
    public void setLatitude(double latitude) { this.latitude = latitude; }
    public double getLongitude() { return longitude; }
    public void setLongitude(double longitude) { this.longitude = longitude; }
}

修改控制器方法直接接收实体类：

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/cart-purchase-command")
public class CartPurchaseCommand {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CartPurchaseCommand.class);

    @MessageMapping("/greetings")
    @SendTo("/topic/greetings")
    public String broadcastNews(@Payload Location location) {
        logger.info(">> 纬度: {}, 经度: {}", location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude());
        return "收到位置：纬度" + location.getLatitude() + "，经度" + location.getLongitude();
    }
}

方案二：Spring Boot添加普通WebSocket处理器兼容Android原生WebSocket #

如果不想修改Android端代码，可以在Spring Boot中添加原生WebSocket支持，和现有STOMP配置共存。

1. 创建WebSocket处理器 #

// LocationWebSocketHandler.java
@Component
public class LocationWebSocketHandler extends TextWebSocketHandler {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LocationWebSocketHandler.class);

    @Override
    protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) throws Exception {
        // 获取Android发送的JSON字符串
        String payload = message.getPayload();
        logger.info(">> 收到原生WebSocket消息: {}", payload);
        
        // 用Jackson解析成实体类
        ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
        Location location = mapper.readValue(payload, Location.class);
        logger.info(">> 解析后的位置：纬度{}，经度{}", location.getLatitude(), location.getLongitude());
        
        // 可选：给Android回复消息
        session.sendMessage(new TextMessage("已收到位置：" + payload));
    }
}

2. 注册原生WebSocket端点 #

修改WebSocketConfig，添加原生WebSocket的注册逻辑：

@Configuration
@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker
public class WebSocketConfig implements WebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer, WebSocketConfigurer {

    @Autowired
    private LocationWebSocketHandler locationWebSocketHandler;

    // 原有的STOMP配置
    @Override
    public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {
        config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");
        config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");
    }

    @Override
    public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {
        registry.addEndpoint("/ws").setAllowedOrigins("*").withSockJS();
    }

    // 新增原生WebSocket配置
    @Override
    public void registerWebSocketHandlers(WebSocketHandlerRegistry registry) {
        // 注册对应Android连接路径的端点
        registry.addHandler(locationWebSocketHandler, "/cart-purchase-command/app/greetings")
                .setAllowedOrigins("*");
    }
}

这样Android端无需改动，Spring Boot就能正常接收消息。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Rafael Souza