Ubuntu 18.04构建Yocto镜像遇GLIBC版本不匹配问题求解决方案

问题背景 #

我正在基于Ubuntu 18.04 LTS构建自定义Yocto镜像，已将HIPIFY作为目标端软件包加入，该包依赖LLVM+Clang。在meta-clang层中添加clang到HIPIFY的DEPENDS后，构建时出现GLIBC版本不兼容错误——本地构建机的GLIBC版本为2.27，但clang++及其依赖库要求更高版本的GLIBC（如2.32/2.33/2.34）。

错误信息 #

/home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libclang-cpp.so.14)     
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libclang-cpp.so.14)     
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libclang-cpp.so.14)     
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libLLVM-14.so)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libLLVM-14.so)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libLLVM-14.so)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libLLVM-14.so)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libstdc++.so.6)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.32' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libstdc++.so.6)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/libstdc++.so.6)
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/../lib64/libedit.so.0)  
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.28' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/../lib64/libxml2.so.2)  
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.33' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/../lib64/libxml2.so.2)  
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.34' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/../lib64/libxml2.so.2)  
| /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/clang++: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.29' not found (required by /home/zmolokwu/Ryzen_Workspace/zube_devel/poky/build/tmp/work/innoflight_cfc510_live_usb-innoflight-linux/hipify/1.0+git999-r0/recipe-sysroot/usr/bin/../lib64/../lib64/libxml2.so.2) 

环境信息 #

本地构建机的ldd输出：

ldd (Ubuntu GLIBC 2.27-3ubuntu1.6) 2.27
Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Roland McGrath and Ulrich Drepper.

解决方案思路 #

1. 调整HIPIFY的recipe，使用native版本的clang #

问题根源是构建过程中错误调用了目标端的clang++（位于recipe-sysroot下），该clang是针对目标平台编译的，依赖的GLIBC版本高于构建机的2.27。正确做法是使用构建机端的clang（meta-clang提供的native版本）来编译HIPIFY：

• 将HIPIFY recipe中的DEPENDS += "clang"替换为DEPENDS += "clang-native"；
• 若HIPIFY使用CMake构建，在recipe中明确指定编译器路径：

  EXTRA_OECMAKE += " \
      -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=${STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE}/clang \
      -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=${STAGING_BINDIR_NATIVE}/clang++ \
  "
  

2. 检查meta-clang层的版本兼容性 #

确认meta-clang层的分支与当前Yocto发行版（如Dunfell、Kirkstone）匹配。部分新版本的meta-clang构建的目标端clang默认依赖高版本GLIBC，若必须使用目标端clang，可：

• 降级meta-clang到与Yocto发行版兼容的分支；
• 在clang的recipe中添加--sysroot参数，指定Yocto交叉编译根文件系统，确保目标端clang的编译依赖Yocto内的GLIBC。

3. 不建议强制替换构建机的GLIBC #

Yocto构建系统设计中，主机端工具链依赖主机系统的库文件，强行用Yocto中的GLIBC替换本地库会导致构建环境混乱，引发更多兼容性问题，因此不推荐这种方案。

4. 升级构建机系统（备选） #

若以上方法无法解决，可将构建机升级到Ubuntu 20.04 LTS（GLIBC 2.31）或更高版本，满足clang对GLIBC的版本要求。但此方案可能引入其他构建环境的兼容性问题，需谨慎评估。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Zube Molokwu