如何通过CMake链接vcpkg安装的LibXml2库？

我用vcpkg安装了LibXml2，直接将全路径写入include_directories等指令中可正常运行，但这种方式不规范。尝试用CMake标准方式引入该库时出现错误，参考过同类问题的解决方案仍未解决。

我的CMakeLists.txt代码如下：

SET(CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE "$ENV{VCPKG_ROOT}/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake")

project(ESMTOOLKIT)

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15.5)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_RUNTIME_OUTPUT_DIRECTORY ../bin)

find_package(LibXml2 REQUIRED)

#include_directories(C:/Users/user/source/vcpkg/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/include include)
include_directories(${LIBXML2_INCLUDE_DIRS} include)
#link_directories(C:/Users/user/source/vcpkg/vcpkg/installed/x64-windows/lib)

set(SOURCES xmlUtils.cpp include/xmlUtils.h pch.cpp include/pch.h esmReader.cpp)

add_executable(esmToolkit ${SOURCES})

#target_link_libraries(esmToolkit libxml2.lib)
target_link_libraries(esmToolkit PRIVATE ${LIBXML2_LIBRARIES})

add_subdirectory(subrecords)
add_subdirectory(records)

出现的错误信息：

Selecting Windows SDK version 10.0.19041.0 to target Windows 10.0.19044.
CMake Error at C:/Program Files/CMake/3_24/share/cmake-3.24/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:230 (message):
  Could NOT find LibXml2 (missing: LIBXML2_LIBRARY LIBXML2_INCLUDE_DIR)
Call Stack (most recent call first):
  C:/Program Files/CMake/3_24/share/cmake-3.24/Modules/FindPackageHandleStandardArgs.cmake:594 (_FPHSA_FAILURE_MESSAGE)
  C:/Program Files/CMake/3_24/share/cmake-3.24/Modules/FindLibXml2.cmake:108 (FIND_PACKAGE_HANDLE_STANDARD_ARGS)
  CMakeLists.txt:9 (find_package)


Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!
See also "C:/Users/user/source/repos/esmToolkit/build/CMakeFiles/CMakeOutput.log".

已配置的环境变量：

VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET x64-windows
VCPKG_ROOT C:\Users\user\source\vcpkg\vcpkg

• 调整工具链文件位置
  CMake要求工具链文件必须在项目初始化前设置，把SET(CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE)移到cmake_minimum_required之后、project之前：

  cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.15.5)
  SET(CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE "$ENV{VCPKG_ROOT}/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake")
  project(ESMTOOLKIT)
  

• 确认LibXml2安装状态
  打开终端执行vcpkg list，检查是否存在libxml2:x64-windows条目。如果没有，重新执行安装命令：

  vcpkg install libxml2:x64-windows
  

• 规范路径关联方式
  使用vcpkg工具链后，无需手动调用include_directories或link_directories，find_package会自动处理依赖路径。建议将全局include替换为目标关联的方式：

  # 移除原有的include_directories行
  target_include_directories(esmToolkit PRIVATE include ${LIBXML2_INCLUDE_DIRS})
  

• 验证环境变量生效
  重启终端或IDE，确保环境变量被正确读取。可以在终端执行echo %VCPKG_ROOT%和echo %VCPKG_DEFAULT_TRIPLET%，确认路径和三元组与配置一致。

• 清理CMake缓存
  删除build目录下的所有文件，重新运行CMake配置，避免旧缓存干扰依赖查找。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dmitrii Motorygin