使用PowerShell无法在Azure Cosmos DB(NoSQL API)中创建记录

你的代码存在几个关键问题，导致插入操作失败，以下是具体问题和修复方案：

1. JSON文档格式错误（id字段缺少引号） #

构造JSON时，id字段的值直接使用变量$id但未添加引号，生成的JSON语法无效。正确写法需给$id加上双引号：

$document = @"
{
    "id": "$id",
    "productName": "widget-211",
    "key": "211"
}
"@

2. PartitionKey参数传值错误 #

New-CosmosDbDocument的-PartitionKey参数需要传入分区键的具体值，而非分区键路径。如果容器分区键是/id，应传入生成的$id变量，而非字符串"/id"：

New-CosmosDbDocument -Context $cosmosDbContext -CollectionId $CollectionId -DocumentBody $document -PartitionKey $id

3. 函数名拼写错误（非致命但需修正） #

函数名InsterCosmosDbRecord拼写错误，正确应为InsertCosmosDbRecord，虽不影响执行，但建议修正以保证代码可读性。

4. 模块安装权限问题（潜在风险） #

执行Install-Module时若无管理员权限可能失败，可添加-Scope CurrentUser参数规避权限要求：

Install-Module -Name CosmosDB -RequiredVersion 4.7.0 -AllowClobber -Force -Scope CurrentUser

修复后的完整代码示例 #

#region param
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
[string]$resourceGroup = "rg_name",

[Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
[string]$cosmosAccount = "test",

[Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
[string]$database = "Testing",

[Parameter(Mandatory = $false)]
[string]$CollectionId = "testcontainer"
)
#endregion param

Function InsertCosmosDbRecord
{
 $clientId       = "{client_id}"
 $clientSecret   = "{client_secret}"
 $tenantId       = "{tenant_id}"
 $securePassword = ConvertTo-SecureString -String $clientSecret -AsPlainText -Force

  $credential     = New-Object -TypeName System.Management.Automation.PSCredential -ArgumentList $clientId, $securePassword
  Connect-AzAccount -ServicePrincipal -Credential $credential -Tenant $tenantId

    $module = Get-InstalledModule -Name 'CosmosDB' -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue

    if($module -ne $null)
    {
    write-host "module CosmosDB available"
     }
    else
    {
    write-host "module CosmosDB not available download in progress"
    Install-Module -Name CosmosDB -RequiredVersion 4.7.0 -AllowClobber -Force -Scope CurrentUser
    }
    
    $id = $([Guid]::NewGuid().ToString())
    
    $document = @"
    {
        "id": "$id",
        "productName": "widget-211",
        "key": "211"
    }
  "@
  $cosmosDbContext = New-CosmosDbContext -Account $cosmosAccount -Database $database -ResourceGroup $resourceGroup
  
  write-host "Document: "  $document
  New-CosmosDbDocument -Context $cosmosDbContext -CollectionId $CollectionId -DocumentBody $document -PartitionKey $id
   
  }

  InsertCosmosDbRecord

额外建议：执行Get-InstalledModule时加上-ErrorAction SilentlyContinue，避免模块未安装时抛出无意义错误。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Raghu Hoskote