使用PowerShell升级Win10/11到22H2功能更新遇数组越界错误求助

问题描述 #

我需要通过PowerShell脚本给安装了RMM代理的Win10/Win11设备部署22H2功能更新，但执行脚本时触发以下错误：

Index was outside the bounds of the array.
At line:42 char:5
+     $downloader.Updates = $featureUpdate
+     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    + CategoryInfo          : OperationStopped: (:) [], IndexOutOfRangeException
    + FullyQualifiedErrorId : System.IndexOutOfRangeException
 
Exception from HRESULT: 0x80240004

脚本已能正确识别到"Feature update to Windows 10, version 22H2"更新对象，但仍报错。原脚本代码如下：

# Check if running on Windows 10 or Windows 11
$osVersion = (Get-WmiObject -Class Win32_OperatingSystem).Version
if (-not ($osVersion -match "^10\." -or $osVersion -match "^11\.")) {
    Write-Host "No Windows 10 or Windows 11 detected! Exiting..."
    exit
}

# Check if Windows Update service is running
$wuaService = Get-Service -Name wuauserv
if ($wuaService.Status -ne "Running") {
    Write-Host "Windows Update service is not running. Please start the service and try again."
    exit
}

# Check if System Restore is enabled
if ((Get-ComputerRestorePoint).Count -eq 0) {
    Write-Host "System Restore is not enabled on this system. Please enable it and try again."
    exit
}

# Create a system restore point
$timestamp = Get-Date -Format "dd-MM-yyyy HH:mm:ss"
$restorePointDescription = "Restorepoint - $timestamp"
Checkpoint-Computer -Description $restorePointDescription -RestorePointType "MODIFY_SETTINGS"

# Create a Windows Update session
$wuaSession = New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.Session

# Search for available updates
$searcher = $wuaSession.CreateUpdateSearcher()
$updates = $searcher.Search("IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction=*")

# Filter updates to find the feature update
$featureUpdate = $updates.Updates | Where-Object {
    $_.Title -like ("*Feature Update*")
}

# Check if a feature update is available
if ($featureUpdate) {
    # Download and install the feature update
    $downloader = $wuaSession.CreateUpdateDownloader()
    $downloader.Updates = $featureUpdate
    $downloader.Download()

    $installer = $wuaSession.CreateUpdateInstaller()
    $installer.Updates = $featureUpdate
    $installResult = $installer.Install()

    # Check the installation result
    if ($installResult.ResultCode -eq "2") {
        Write-Host "Feature update installed successfully. Please restart"
        Start-Sleep -Second 10
        exit
    } else {
        Write-Host "Feature update installation failed with error code $($installResult.ResultCode)."
    }
} else {
    Write-Host "No feature update is available."
}

错误原因 #

$downloader.Updates和$installer.Updates要求接收**Microsoft.Update.UpdateCollection类型**的对象，而当Where-Object只筛选出单个更新时，PowerShell会将其解析为单个Update对象（而非集合），直接赋值就会触发索引越界错误；同时HRESULT 0x80240004对应WU_E_INVALID_ARG，即传入的参数类型无效。

修复方案 #

修改脚本中筛选更新和赋值的逻辑，先创建UpdateCollection对象，再将筛选到的更新添加到集合中，确保参数类型正确。同时优化筛选条件，精准匹配22H2更新：

修改后的关键代码片段 #

# Create a Windows Update session
$wuaSession = New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.Session

# Search for available updates
$searcher = $wuaSession.CreateUpdateSearcher()
$updates = $searcher.Search("IsInstalled=0 and DeploymentAction=*")

# 创建UpdateCollection对象用于存储筛选后的更新
$featureUpdates = New-Object -ComObject Microsoft.Update.UpdateCollection

# 精准筛选22H2功能更新并添加到集合
$updates.Updates | Where-Object {
    $_.Title -like "*Feature Update*" -and $_.Title -like "*22H2*"
} | ForEach-Object {
    $featureUpdates.Add($_) | Out-Null # 忽略Add方法的返回值
}

# Check if a feature update is available
if ($featureUpdates.Count -gt 0) {
    # Download and install the feature update
    $downloader = $wuaSession.CreateUpdateDownloader()
    $downloader.Updates = $featureUpdates
    $downloader.Download()

    $installer = $wuaSession.CreateUpdateInstaller()
    $installer.Updates = $featureUpdates
    $installResult = $installer.Install()

    # Check the installation result
    if ($installResult.ResultCode -eq 2) { # 直接用数字而非字符串更可靠
        Write-Host "Feature update installed successfully. Please restart"
        Start-Sleep -Seconds 10 # 修正原脚本的拼写错误
        exit
    } else {
        Write-Host "Feature update installation failed with error code $($installResult.ResultCode)."
    }
} else {
    Write-Host "No 22H2 feature update is available."
}

额外优化建议 #

• 用Get-CimInstance Win32_OperatingSystem代替Get-WmiObject，WMI已被微软弃用，CIM是更现代的替代方案。
• 脚本需以管理员权限运行，否则Checkpoint-Computer和Windows Update操作会失败。
• 原脚本中Start-Sleep -Second 10存在拼写错误，已修正为Start-Sleep -Seconds 10。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Smeddeu