使用pytube时为何出现410 Gone错误？

问题重现 #

运行以下获取YouTube视频标题的基础代码时，触发urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 410: Gone错误：

from pytube import YouTube
 
url = "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ" # 硬编码的Rick Roll视频
video = YouTube(url)
 
print("*****Video Title*****")
print(video.title)

完整报错信息 #

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/Users/will/Documents/Coding test/import pytube.py", line 4, in <module>
video = YouTube(url)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/pytube/__main__.py", line 91, in __init__
self.prefetch()
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/pytube/__main__.py", line 181, in prefetch
self.vid_info_raw = request.get(self.vid_info_url)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/pytube/request.py", line 36, in get
return _execute_request(url).read().decode("utf-8")
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/pytube/request.py", line 24, in _execute_request
return urlopen(request)  # nosec
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 214, in urlopen
return opener.open(url, data, timeout)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 523, in open
response = meth(req, response)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 632, in http_response
response = self.parent.error(
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 555, in error
result = self._call_chain(*args)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 494, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 747, in http_error_302
return self.parent.open(new, timeout=req.timeout)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 523, in open
response = meth(req, response)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 632, in http_response
response = self.parent.error(
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 561, in error
return self._call_chain(*args)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 494, in _call_chain
result = func(*args)
File "/Users/will/opt/anaconda3/lib/python3.9/urllib/request.py", line 641, in http_error_default
raise HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, hdrs, fp)
urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 410: Gone

已尝试操作 #

执行升级命令后问题未解决：

python -m pip install --upgrade pytube

解决方案 #

1. 安装pytube GitHub开发版
   PyPI稳定版可能未及时适配YouTube的接口变化，直接安装最新开发代码：

pip install git+https://github.com/pytube/pytube.git

2. 手动修改请求头（临时方案）
   若安装开发版仍无效，可修改pytube安装目录下的request.py，在_execute_request函数中添加模拟浏览器的请求头：

def _execute_request(url):
    headers = {
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/114.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'
    }
    request = urllib.request.Request(url, headers=headers)
    return urllib.request.urlopen(request)

3. 切换至pytube3分支
   如果上述方法都不生效，可尝试使用维护更活跃的分支版本：

pip install pytube3 --upgrade

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Willguy24