使用Log4j2异步向RabbitMQ发自定义日志遇配置错误求助

报错信息显示Logback在解析Log4j2的配置文件，核心原因是Spring Boot 2.7.x默认集成Logback作为日志框架，你的项目未排除Logback依赖，导致系统尝试用Logback解析Log4j2格式的配置文件，从而出现大量"no applicable action"错误。同时还存在依赖缺失、配置路径不匹配、未配置异步日志和JSON格式输出的问题。

1. 修正Maven依赖（pom.xml） #

排除Spring Boot Starter中的Logback依赖，添加Log4j2相关必要依赖：

<dependencies>
    <!-- Spring Boot Web Starter，排除Logback -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Spring Boot Test Starter，排除Logback -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-logging</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Log4j2 Spring Boot Starter，适配Spring Boot -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Log4j2 RabbitMQ Appender -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-rabbitmq</artifactId>
        <version>2.14.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Log4j2 JSON格式输出依赖 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>log4j-layout-template-json</artifactId>
        <version>2.14.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Disruptor，提升Log4j2异步日志性能 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.lmax</groupId>
        <artifactId>disruptor</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.4</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- Oracle JDBC驱动 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.oracle.database.jdbc</groupId>
        <artifactId>ojdbc8</artifactId>
        <version>19.8.0.0</version>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

2. 修正application.properties配置 #

修正日志配置文件路径，确保和实际文件名一致：

# RabbitMQ配置
rabbitmq.in.queue=queue
rabbitmq.in.exchange=exchange
rabbitmq.in.routingkey=routingkey
rabbitmq.in.host=host
rabbitmq.in.port=port
rabbitmq.in.exchangetype=exchangetype
rabbitmq.in.virtualhost=virtualhost
rabbitmq.in.username=username
rabbitmq.in.password=password
listener.prefetchcount=1
listener.maxConcurrentConsumerCount=10
management.health.rabbit.enabled=false

# 数据库配置
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe
spring.datasource.username=test
spring.datasource.password=test
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver

# 日志配置文件路径（匹配实际文件名）
logging.config=classpath:log4j2-spring.xml

3. 修改log4j2-spring.xml配置 #

配置异步Appender、RabbitMQ Appender，并启用JSON格式输出：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Configuration status="INFO">
    <Appenders>
        <!-- RabbitMQ Appender，自动声明交换机（可选） -->
        <RabbitMQ name="rmqAppender" 
                  host="${rabbitmq.in.host}"
                  port="${rabbitmq.in.port}"
                  virtualHost="${rabbitmq.in.virtualhost}"
                  username="${rabbitmq.in.username}"
                  password="${rabbitmq.in.password}"
                  exchange="${rabbitmq.in.exchange}"
                  routingKey="${rabbitmq.in.routingkey}"
                  declareExchange="true"
                  exchangeType="${rabbitmq.in.exchangetype}"
                  durable="true">
            <!-- JSON格式输出，使用自定义模板 -->
            <JsonTemplateLayout eventTemplateUri="classpath:log-template.json"/>
        </RabbitMQ>

        <!-- 异步Appender，实现日志异步发送到RabbitMQ -->
        <Async name="AsyncRmqAppender">
            <AppenderRef ref="rmqAppender"/>
            <!-- 异步队列配置，按需调整缓冲区大小 -->
            <DisruptorBlockingQueue ringBufferSize="1024" waitStrategy="Blocking"/>
        </Async>
    </Appenders>

    <Loggers>
        <!-- 业务包日志，仅发送到RabbitMQ -->
        <Logger name="com.example.demo" level="info" additivity="false">
            <AppenderRef ref="AsyncRmqAppender"/>
        </Logger>
        <!-- 根日志，统一发送到RabbitMQ -->
        <Root level="info">
            <AppenderRef ref="AsyncRmqAppender"/>
        </Root>
    </Loggers>
</Configuration>

4. 添加自定义JSON模板（log-template.json） #

在src/main/resources下创建该文件，定义JSON日志的字段结构：

{
  "timestamp": {
    "$resolver": "timestamp",
    "pattern": "yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX"
  },
  "thread": {
    "$resolver": "thread"
  },
  "level": {
    "$resolver": "level",
    "field": "name"
  },
  "logger": {
    "$resolver": "logger",
    "field": "name"
  },
  "message": {
    "$resolver": "message"
  },
  "stackTrace": {
    "$resolver": "stackTrace",
    "stringified": true
  }
}

使用Log4j2的Logger记录日志：

import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@RestController
public class TestController {
    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(TestController.class);

    @GetMapping("/test-log")
    public String testLog() {
        logger.info("这是一条业务测试日志");
        logger.error("这是一条错误日志", new RuntimeException("模拟业务异常"));
        return "日志已发送至RabbitMQ";
    }
}

访问/test-log接口后，RabbitMQ对应队列将收到JSON格式的异步日志消息。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者tejashree parab