start.spring.io创建的Spring Boot项目构建失败：Unsupported class file major version 61

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2026-7-22

Java 19环境下Spring Boot项目Gradle构建失败问题

环境配置

操作系统：Neon Linux
Java版本信息：

└─$ java --version
java 19.0.2 2023-01-17
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 19.0.2+7-44)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 19.0.2+7-44, mixed mode, sharing)
┌──(katya5㉿computer)-[/home/katya/personal/my_site_stub/site]
└─$ javac --version
javac 19.0.2

问题场景

通过Spring Initializr创建Spring Boot项目，执行构建命令gradle --stacktrace时失败。

核心报错信息

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
A problem occurred configuring root project 'site'.
> Failed to create Jar file /home/katya5/.gradle/caches/jars-8/b1e32c3edc578ad1464e1722f1fcd639/spring-boot-gradle-plugin-3.0.6.jar.

...

Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Unsupported class file major version 61
        at org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.<init>(ClassReader.java:196)
        at org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.<init>(ClassReader.java:177)
        at org.objectweb.asm.ClassReader.<init>(ClassReader.java:163)
        at org.gradle.internal.classpath.InstrumentingClasspathFileTransformer.lambda$visitEntries$1(InstrumentingClasspathFileTransformer.java:116)
        at org.gradle.internal.classpath.ClasspathWalker.visitJarContents(ClasspathWalker.java:91)
        at org.gradle.internal.classpath.ClasspathWalker.visit(ClasspathWalker.java:55)
        at org.gradle.internal.classpath.InstrumentingClasspathFileTransformer.visitEntries(InstrumentingClasspathFileTransformer.java:114)
        at org.gradle.internal.classpath.InstrumentingClasspathFileTransformer.lambda$instrument$0(InstrumentingClasspathFileTransformer.java:105)
        at org.gradle.internal.classpath.ClasspathBuilder.buildJar(ClasspathBuilder.java:58)
        at org.gradle.internal.classpath.ClasspathBuilder.jar(ClasspathBuilder.java:45)
        ... 7 more