Pyomo建模报错求助：约束定义与参数计算问题

错误1：NameError: name 'techs' is not defined #

问题原因：约束函数里把m.TAC[techs,suppliers]放在了sum表达式外面，而techs和suppliers是sum循环内的局部变量，循环结束后就不存在了，导致外部引用时找不到变量。正确逻辑应该是对每个amount_installed_techs项乘以对应的TAC，再求和。

修正后的约束函数：

def total_TACperyear(m, years):
    return sum(m.amount_installed_techs[tech, supp, years] * m.TAC[tech, supp] 
               for tech in m.techs for supp in m.suppliers) <= m.totalTACperyear[years]

错误2：TypeError: 无法从float类型数据创建Set #

问题原因：demandsperyear函数里错误使用了m.years（这是Pyomo的Set对象），而不是当前的参数years（具体年份数值）。计算增长时应该用当前迭代的年份值，而非整个年份集合。

修正后的参数初始化函数：

def demandsperyear(m, demand, product, year):
    if year == 1:
        return m.initial_demand[demand, product]
    # 这里用参数year，而非m.years；若为复利增长，可改为 (1 + m.growth[demand, product])**(year-1)
    return m.initial_demand[demand, product] * (1 + m.growth[demand, product] * (year - 1))

完整修正代码 #

from pyomo.environ import *

# 定义模型
m = AbstractModel() 

# 定义集合
m.techs = Set()
m.products = Set()
m.suppliers = Set()
m.demands = Set()
m.years = Set()

# 定义参数
m.initial_demand = Param(m.demands, m.products)
m.growth = Param(m.demands, m.products)
m.yields = Param(m.techs, m.products, m.suppliers)
m.emission = Param(m.techs, m.suppliers)
m.TAC = Param(m.techs, m.suppliers)
m.max_installed = Param(m.techs, m.suppliers)
m.totalTACperyear = Param(m.years)
m.totalCO2peryear = Param(m.years)

# 定义变量
m.installed_techs = Var(m.techs, m.suppliers, m.years, within=Binary)
m.amount_installed_techs = Var(m.techs, m.suppliers, m.years, bounds=(0, None))
m.totalTAC = Var(bounds=(None, None))
m.totalCO2 = Var(bounds=(None, None))

# 目标函数
def total_TAC(m):
    return sum(m.totalTACperyear[year] for year in m.years)
m.economics = Objective(rule=total_TAC, sense=minimize)

# CO2总量约束
def total_CO2(m):
    return m.totalCO2 == sum(m.totalCO2peryear[year] for year in m.years)
m.totalCO2_cons = Constraint(rule=total_CO2)

# 年度TAC约束（修正后）
def total_TACperyear(m, years):
    return sum(m.amount_installed_techs[tech, supp, years] * m.TAC[tech, supp] 
               for tech in m.techs for supp in m.suppliers) <= m.totalTACperyear[years]
m.TACperyear_cons = Constraint(m.years, rule=total_TACperyear)

# 产品需求参数计算（修正后）
def demandsperyear(m, demand, product, year):
    if year == 1:
        return m.initial_demand[demand, product]
    # 线性增长示例，若为复利则改为 (1 + m.growth[demand, product])**(year-1)
    return m.initial_demand[demand, product] * (1 + m.growth[demand, product] * (year - 1))
m.product_demands = Param(m.demands, m.products, m.years, initialize=demandsperyear)

# 数据字典
data = {None: {
    'techs' : {None: ['tek_A', 'tek_B', 'tek_C']},
    'products' : {None: ['prod_A', 'prod_B', 'prod_C']},
    'suppliers' : {None: ['daerah_A', 'daerah_B', 'daerah_C']},
    'demands' : {None: ['daerah_A', 'daerah_B', 'daerah_C']},
    'years' : {None: list(range(1, 31))},
    'initial_demand': {('daerah_A','prod_A'): 10, ('daerah_A','prod_B'): 10, ('daerah_A','prod_C'): 10,
                        ('daerah_B','prod_A'): 20, ('daerah_B','prod_B'): 20, ('daerah_B','prod_C'): 20,
                        ('daerah_C','prod_A'): 12, ('daerah_C','prod_B'): 12, ('daerah_C','prod_C'): 12},
    'growth': {('daerah_A','prod_A'): 0.02, ('daerah_A','prod_B'): 0.02, ('daerah_A','prod_C'): 0.02,
                        ('daerah_B','prod_A'): 0.02, ('daerah_B','prod_B'): 0.02, ('daerah_B','prod_C'): 0.02,
                        ('daerah_C','prod_A'): 0.02, ('daerah_C','prod_B'): 0.02, ('daerah_C','prod_C'): 0.02},
    'max_installed' : {('tek_A','daerah_A'): 100, ('tek_A','daerah_B'): 100, ('tek_A','daerah_C'): 100,
                        ('tek_B','daerah_A'): 100, ('tek_B','daerah_B'): 100, ('tek_B','daerah_C'): 100,
                        ('tek_C','daerah_A'): 100, ('tek_C','daerah_B'): 100, ('tek_C','daerah_C'): 100},
    'TAC' : {('tek_A','daerah_A'): 100, ('tek_A','daerah_B'): 100, ('tek_A','daerah_C'): 100,
                        ('tek_B','daerah_A'): 100, ('tek_B','daerah_B'): 100, ('tek_B','daerah_C'): 100,
                        ('tek_C','daerah_A'): 100, ('tek_C','daerah_B'): 100, ('tek_C','daerah_C'): 100},
    'emission' : {('tek_A','daerah_A'): 20, ('tek_A','daerah_B'): 20, ('tek_A','daerah_C'): 20,
                        ('tek_B','daerah_A'): 20, ('tek_B','daerah_B'): 20, ('tek_B','daerah_C'): 20,
                        ('tek_C','daerah_A'): 20, ('tek_C','daerah_B'): 20, ('tek_C','daerah_C'): 20},
    'yields': {('tek_A','prod_A','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_A','prod_A','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_A','prod_A','daerah_C'):8,
                    ('tek_A','prod_B','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_A','prod_B','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_A','prod_B','daerah_C'):8,
                    ('tek_A','prod_C','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_A','prod_C','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_A','prod_C','daerah_C'):8,
                    ('tek_B','prod_A','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_B','prod_A','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_B','prod_A','daerah_C'):8,
                    ('tek_B','prod_B','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_B','prod_B','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_B','prod_B','daerah_C'):8,
                    ('tek_B','prod_C','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_B','prod_C','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_B','prod_C','daerah_C'):8,
                    ('tek_C','prod_A','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_C','prod_A','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_C','prod_A','daerah_C'):8,
                    ('tek_C','prod_B','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_C','prod_B','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_C','prod_B','daerah_C'):8,
                    ('tek_C','prod_C','daerah_A'):8, ('tek_C','prod_C','daerah_B'):8, ('tek_C','prod_C','daerah_C'):8},
    'totalTACperyear': {year: 10**6 for year in range(1, 31)},
    'totalCO2peryear': {year: 10**6 for year in range(1, 31)}
    }}

instance = m.create_instance(data)

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Zulfan